{"paper_id":"101bdab6-61b0-44ef-80f5-4693930d24b5","body_text":"Abstract\nEndometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Endometriosis occurs almost exclusively in women between 20 and 45 years old, in particular up to 15 % of fertile women and up to 30 % of infertile women. Most women with endometrial implants on bowel serosa are asymptomatic; those with deep infiltrating implants may complain of abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, low backache, and localized tenderness. At sonography, intestinal endometriosis can appear as hypoechoic thickening or nodules/masses with irregular contours or, less frequently, as cystic lesions with anechoic fluid content and hyperechoic blood deposits, which often deforms the profiles of the bowel, and rarely causes complications such as invagination and volvulus.\nAccess this chapter\nTax calculation will be finalised at checkout\nPurchases are for personal use only\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nBazot M, Detchev R, Cortez A et al (2003) Transvaginal sonography and rectal endoscopic sonography for the assessment of pelvic endometriosis: a preliminary comparison. Hum Reprod 18:1686–1692\nBianchi A, Pulido L, Espin F et al (2007) Endometriosis intestinal. Estado actual. Cir Esp 81:170–176\nBontis JN, Vavilis DT (1997) Etiopathology of endometriosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 816:305–309\nBozdech JM (1992) Endoscopic diagnosis of colonic endometriosis. Gastrointest Endosc 38:568–570\nBrosens I, Puttemans P, Campo R et al (2003) Noninvasive methods of diagnosis of endometriosis. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 15:519–522\nChapron C, Fauconnier A, Vieira M et al (2003) Anatomic distribution of deeply infiltrating endometriosis: surgical implications and proposition for a classification. Hum Reprod 18:157–161\nChapron C, Chopin N, Borghese B et al (2006) Deeply infiltrating endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomical distribution. Hum Reprod 21:1839–1845\nGuerriero S, Ajossa S, Gerada M, Virgilio B, Angioni S, Melis GB (2008) Diagnostic value of transvaginal ‘tenderness-guided’ ultrasonography for the prediction of location of deep endometriosis. Hum Reprod 23:2452–2457\nHudelist G, Tuttlies F, Rauter G, Pucher S, Keckstein J (2009) Can transvaginal sonography predict infiltration depth in patients with deep infiltrating endometriosis of the rectum? Hum Reprod 24:1012–1017\nHudelist G, English J, Thomas AE, Tinelli A, Singer CF, Keckstein J (2011) Diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound for non-invasive diagnosis of bowel endometriosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 37:257–263\nJansen RP, Russel P (1986) Nonpigmented endometriosis: clinical laparoscopic, and pathological definition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 155:1154–1159\nJess T, Frisch M, Jørgensen KT, Pedersen BV, Nielsen NM (2012) Increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease in women with endometriosis: a nationwide Danish cohort study. Gut 61:1279–1283\nKaufman LC, Smyrk TC, Levy MJ et al (2011) Symptomatic intestinal endometriosis requiring surgical resection: clinical presentation and preoperative diagnosis. Am J Gastroenterol 106:1325–1332\nKoga K, Osuga Y, Yano T et al (2003) Characteristic images of deeply infiltrating rectosigmoid endometriosis on transvaginal and transrectal ultrasonography. Hum Reprod 18:1328–1333\nKruse C, Seyer-Hansen M, Forman A (2012) Diagnosis and treatment of rectovaginal endometriosis: an overview. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 91:648–657\nLeone FPG, Petullà M, Maconi G et al (2007) The ‘pulling-out sign’ for intestinal deep infiltrating endometriosis: prognostic role of findings at 3D transvaginal sonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 30:375\nMoore J, Copley S, Morris J et al (2002) A systematic review of the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometriosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 20:630–634\nOlive DL, Schwarz LB (1993) Endometriosis: medical progress. N Engl J Med 328:1759–1769\nOral E, Arici A (1997) Pathogenesis of endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 24:219–233\nPickhardt PJ, Kim DH, Menias OC et al (2007) Evaluation of submucosal lesions of the large intestine. Radiographics 27:1693–1703\nPiketty M, Chopin N, Dousset B et al (2009) Preoperative work-up for patients with deeply infiltrating endometriosis: transvaginal ultrasonography must definitely be the first-line imaging examination. Hum Reprod 24:602–607\nRock JA, Markham SM (1992) Pathogenesis of endometriosis. Lancet 240:1264–1267\nSaba L, Guerriero S, Sulcis R et al (2012) MRI and ‘‘Tenderness Guided’’ transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of recto-sigmoid endometriosis. J Magn Reson Imaging 35:352–356\nShah M, Tager D, Feller E (1995) Intestinal endometriosis masquerading as common digestive disorders. Arch Intern Med 155:977–980\nWeed JC, Ray JE (1987) Endometriosis of the bowel. Obstet Gynecol 69:727–730\nZwas FR, Lyon DT (1991) Endometriosis: an important condition in clinical gastroenterology. Dig Dis Sci 36:353–364\nAuthor information\nAuthors and Affiliations\nCorresponding author\nEditor information\nEditors and Affiliations\n1 Electronic supplementary material\nBelow is the link to the electronic supplementary material.\nRights and permissions\nCopyright information\n© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg\nAbout this chapter\nCite this chapter\nMaconi, G., Monteleone, M., Bezzio, C., Leone, F.P.G. (2013). Intestinal Endometriosis. In: Maconi, G., Bianchi Porro, G. (eds) Ultrasound of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Medical Radiology(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2013_831\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/174_2013_831\nPublished:\nPublisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg\nPrint ISBN: 978-3-642-31982-2\nOnline ISBN: 978-3-642-31983-9\neBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)\nKeywords\n- Compute Tomography Colonography\n- Endometrial Tissue\n- Pelvic Endometriosis\n- Deep Infiltrate Endometriosis\n- Ectopic Tissue\nThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}