{"paper_id":"0bd3f128-91b7-4e4e-997b-c659e0e9bee1","body_text":"Eruption and caries status of first permanent molars in children aged 6-7 years in Beijing, China | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Eruption and caries status of first permanent molars in children aged 6-7 years in Beijing, China Mei Zhao, Zhaoyou Wang, Min Liu, Ziqi Song, Rong Wang, Lina Yang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643442/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in BMC Oral Health → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Dental caries is still a major disease that affect the oral health of people in China. First permanent molars (FPMs) are the most caries-susceptible teeth among school-aged children. The aim of this study was to investigate the eruption and caries status of first permanent molars in children aged 6-7 years in Beijing, China, to provide information for oral health promotion. Methods All 6-7-year-old first grade children from public elementary schools in Shijingshan District, Beijing were invited to receive a clinical oral examination. The eruption status and caries experience of FPMs were recorded. Questionnaires assessing children's sociodemographic information and oral health-related behaviors were completed by the children's parents or guardians. Results A total of 3,176 children, including 1,644 boys (51.8%) and 1,532 girls (48.2%) were included in the oral examination and questionnaire. The eruption rate of FPMs was 65.8%. Within the emerged FPMs, 43.0% of FPMs were partially erupted with no caries and 37.8% of FPMs were fully erupted and sealable. The prevalence of dental caries was 5.5% on FPMs and the mean decayed missing and filled teeth score was 0.11 in the participants. Binary Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that girls had more tooth decay than boys and father’s educational background also associated with the caries experience of the studied children ( P <0.05). Conclusions Majority of FPMs were erupted in children aged 6-7 years in Beijing, China, and the prevalence of dental caries in these children was not negligible. Effective intervention should be applied in this age group for oral health promotion. Eruption Caries First permanent molars Children China Figures Figure 1 Background Dental caries is a worldwide chronic non-communicable disease[1]. According to the most recent National Oral Health Survey of China conducted in 2015, the mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score of Chinese 12-years-olds was 0.86[2], which was still on the very low level from a global perspective. However, the prevalence of dental caries rocketed from 28.9% in 2005[3] to 38.5% in 2015[2], and the dental caries is still a major disease that affect the oral health of Chinese people[4]. From 2008, the central government of China started to invest annually in the National Oral Health Comprehensive Intervention Program (NOHCIP) for children, aiming to promote their oral health and control oral diseases[5]. The program provided a series of measures for oral health promotion, including training of dental workforce and conducting oral health education, regular oral health examination as well as pit-and-fissure sealants for 7-9-year-olds [5]. The expansion and extension of coverage of this national program was expected to be beneficial for improving oral health status in children and strengthening the dental workforce in some underdeveloped regions[5]. The program achieved some success in preventing dental caries. Data of 12-year-olds participating in the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China conducted in 2015 demonstrated lower prevalence of dental caries in regions covered by the national program than those not covered[5]. The Healthy China 2030 blueprint released by the Chinese government in 2016 aimed to decrease the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-olds to 25% or lower by 2030[6]. In addition, the General Office of State Council drafted and distributed the National Program for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention (2017–2025) (Chronic Diseases Program), another document for implementing the Healthy China 2030 Plan, aiming to reduce the prevalence of dental caries to 30% or lower in 2025[7]. All these policies will guide mid-term to long-term efforts toward oral health promotion and provide good opportunities for the development of sustainable public oral health in China[8]. Beijing, China’s capital, has always been the top performers in the control and prevention of dental caries nationwide. Since the pilot study of NOHCIP conducted in Beijing in 2005, the caries prevalence rate in 12-year-olds in Beijing was only 28.3% in 2015, 10 percentage lower than the national average [9]. Unfortunately, there was some alarming trend in Beijing with the prevalence increased significantly to 31.6%, 32.2% and 34.9% in 2017, 2019 and 2021 respectively [10–12], making it a huge challenge to fulfill the dental caries prevention goal of the Healthy China 2030 Plan. More than 90% of dental caries was confined to FPMs among school-aged children[2, 3]. The emergence of FPMs is an important developmental milestone influencing caries risk and the timing of sealant placement[13]. A large scale epidemiological survey in 2015 reported that the percentage of fully erupted FPMs was 79.53%, 89.84% and 93.81%, and the prevalence of dental caries was 12.18%, 16.83% and 19.61% among Chinese children aged 7,8,9 years, respectively[14]. Therefore, a considerable portion of FPMs have already been decayed before they can be sealed, and thus FPMs should be protected from the very onset of tooth eruption, earlier than 7–9 years old. The aim of the present study was to investigate the eruption and prevalence of dental caries of FPMs in children aged 6–7 years in Beijing, China, and to provide information for oral health promotion. Methods Study design and participants The study was conducted on children in Shijingshan District of Beijing. There are 31 public elementary schools in Shijingshan District. All the children in Grade One of these schools were invited to participate the study. Children with written informed consent from their parents or guardians were included. Caries examination Clinical examinations were carried out under artificial light using dental mirrors and CPI (community periodontal index) probes. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria[15]. The eruption status, pit and fissure patterns and dental caries of FPMs were examined and recorded. Eight examiners completed training and were calibrated for clinical examination to ensure the validity and reliability of the data collection. 5% of the subjects were selected randomly for repeated tests by examiners to measure their consistency. Children were instructed by dentists to brush their teeth before the oral examination. The oral examination was carried out at school with children in a supine position. Examiners dried the surface of the teeth with cotton rolls and swabs. No radiography examinations were taken. After the oral examination, a report was sent to the child’s caretakers to inform them if the child needed treatment. Questionnaire The questionnaire was designed based on the National Oral Health Survey of China[2, 3] and included the following aspects: (a) children's sociodemographic information (sex, the number of children in the family and parental educational background); (b) oral health-related behavior (frequency of toothbrushing, sweets intake and the use of dental floss). The questionnaire was completed by the parents or guardians of the participation children. Data analysis Caries prevalence (in %), mean DMFT score and mean decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) of FPMs were calculated. The Chi-square test was used to compare proportions. The relationship between the relevant variables and caries risk was analyzed by Binary logistic regression. The independent variables were sex, sibling (yes, no), father's educational background (low, median, high), mother's educational background (low, median, high), frequency of toothbrushing habits ( ≧ 2/d, < 2/d), frequency of sweets intake(everyday, not everyday) and the use of dental floss (everyday, not everyday). P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A statistical software package, SPSS Statistics (version 26, IBM), was used for data analysis. Results Study population The survey was conducted from September 14th, 2022, through November 30th,2022. In total, there were 4,085 children aged 6–7 years in Grade One in public elementary schools in Shijingshan District. A total of 3,176 children, 1,644 boys (51.8%) and 1,532 girls (48.2%) were included in the study, who completed both the oral examination and the questionnaire. Those who were absent due to the Covid-19 pandemic, could not cooperate the oral examination or had no parental consent were excluded. Eruption status of FPMs of the studied children The eruption rate of FPMs was 65.8% (8,360/12,704). Girls had more FPMs than boys (70.1% VS 61.8%) (Table 1 ). More than 70% of the mandibular FPMs had been erupted at the age of 6–7 years, while the eruption rate of the maxillary FPMs was approximately 60% (Fig. 1). Table 1 The percentage of first permanent molars according to the stage of eruption Stage of eruption total boy girl Non-erupted No emergence in oral cavity 34.2% 38.2% 29.9% Partially erupted Partially erupted but not in full occlusion 28.3% 28.1% 28.5% Fully erupted Full occlusion 37.5% 33.7% 41.6% Figure 1. The distribution of erupted first permanent molars Caries experience of the studied children The prevalence of dental caries in FPMs was 5.5% (174/3,176) in studied children, with the mean DMFT score of 0.11 and the mean DMFS score of 0.19. The caries prevalence of FPMs was 3.9% (64/1,644) among boys, while 7.2% (110/1,532) among girls. The caries experience was more sever in girls than in boys (p < 0.05). Table 2 presents the distribution of dental caries in different locations and surfaces. The occlusal surfaces were the mostly affected surfaces of FPMs. Caries also often occurred on the buccal surface of lower teeth and the lingual surface of upper teeth. Table 2 The distribution of dental caries in different locations and surfaces #16 #26 #36 #46 O P MDB O P MDB O B MDL O B MDL 1.5% 1.0% 0.4% 2.0% 1.5% 0.6% 3.6% 2.0% 0.7% 3.1% 1.8% 0.8% O: Occlusal; P: Palatal; M: Missal; D: Distal; B: Buccal; L: Lingual The association between relevant variables and caries of FPMs The response rate of questionnaire was 89.7% (2,849/3,176). The prevalence of dental caries of FPMs according to different contributing factors studied is shown in Table 3 . It was found that higher educational background of father associated with a lower caries experience of FPMs in their children (p < 0.001). Only 3.8% of the studied children used dental floss daily. The daily use of dental floss was found to be positively associated with a lower caries prevalence of PFMs( P < 0.05). Table 3 The prevalence of dental caries of first permanent molars of the surveyed children according to different variables studied (N = 2,849) Variable N Prevalence of dental caries of FPMs P -value* sibling no 1,734 4.8% 0.080 yes 1,115 6.4% Father’s educational background High (college or above) 1,926 4.4% < 0.001 Median (senior school) 828 8.0% Low (junior school or below) 95 5.3% Mother’s educational background High (college or above) 1,940 4.7% 0.054 Median (senior school) 830 7.2% Low (junior school or below) 79 3.3% Frequency of toothbrushing ≥ 2/d 2,001 4.9% 0.075 < 2/d 848 6.6% Sweets intake Everyday 234 6.4% 0.495 Not everyday 2,615 5.4% The use of dental floss Everyday 109 1.8% 0.003 Not everyday 2,740 5.6% *Chi-square test Children who brushed their teeth at least twice a day had lower caries prevalence of FPMs than those who brushed their teeth less than twice a day. A lower caries prevalence of FPMs was also found in children without siblings or daily sweets intake. However, no statistical significance was found in these variables ( P > 0.05). Mother’s educational background was found not significantly associated with the prevalence of dental caries of FPMs of the studied children (P > 0.05). The results of the Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that sex and father’s educational level contributed to the caries experience of FPMs of the studied children (p < 0.05). Girl exhibited a higher risk for FPM caries than boys( P < 0.001). It also showed that high educational level of father correlated with a lower caries experience of FPMs in their children (p < 0.05) (Table 4 ). Table 4 Binary Logistic regression analysis for the dental caries of first permanent molars of the surveyed children Variables B S.E. P value Exp(B) 95%CI sex boy girl 0.70 0.17 < 0.001 2.02 1.44–2.83 The only child in the family yes no 0.20 0.17 0.25 1.22 0.87–1.70 Father’s educational level High(college or above) 0.01 Median(senior school) 0.57 0.20 0.01 1.77 1.19–2.60 Low(junior school or below) -0.03 0.55 0.96 0.97 0.33–2.86 Mother’s educational level High(college or above) 0.85 Median(senior school) 0.10 0.20 0.64 1.10 0.74–1.64 Low(junior school or below) 0.23 0.52 0.66 1.26 0.46–3.48 Frequency of toothbrushing ≥ 2/d < 2/d 0.30 0.18 0.09 1.34 0.95–1.90 Frequency of sweets intake Everyday Not everyday 0.05 0.29 0.85 1.06 0.60–1.86 The use of dental floss everyday Not everyday 0.92 0.72 0.20 2.51 0.61–10.35 constant -4.57 0.73 < 0.001 0.01 The eruption and caries status of the studied children For all the FPMs emerged in oral cavity of the studied children, 43.0% of FPMs partially erupted and not yet been decayed. The rate of partially emerged mandibular FPMs was nearly twice that of the maxillary FPMs. In total, 37.8% of the erupted FPMs were in full occlusion and can be sealed. The percentage of fully erupted and sealable FPMs in the right maxillary, the left maxillary, the left mandibular and the right mandibular section was 47.3%, 47.7%, 29.6% and 30.3%, respectively. These teeth satisfied the indication for the pit and fissure sealants procedure. At the same time, 4.1% of the erupted FPMs had already been decayed or filled, including partially erupted and fully erupted ones. The distribution of the erupted FPMs with different stages of eruption and caries status of the surveyed children was shown in Table 5 . Table 5 The distribution of the erupted first permanent molars with different stages of eruption and caries status of the surveyed children Eruption status Caries status #16 #26 #36 #46 Total Partially erupted Non-decayed 30.4% 29.7% 53.7% 53.2% 43.0% Decayed or filled — 0.1% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% Fully erupted Sealable 47.3% 47.7% 29.6% 30.3% 37.8% Sealed or shallow fissures 19.5% 19.0% 11.6% 12.0% 15.1% Decayed or filled 2.8% 3.5% 4.8% 4.3% 4.0% Discussion This study has a large sample size, covering all elementary schools in Shijingshan District of Beijing. Though there were some children absent from the study, the studied sample can approximate the eruption and caries status of FPMs of the entire district. In addition, monitoring data from the past few years (2017, 2019 and 2021), the prevalence of dental caries in Shijingshan District has been similar to the average level in the city of Beijing[10–12]. Therefore, results based on children in the district may provide a glimpse into the conditions of the city of Beijing. The time of eruption for FPMs of children is approximately six years of age[16] and erupted teeth are more susceptible to caries during the first one to three years after the eruption[17]. This study found that the prevalence of dental caries of FPMs was 5.5% among 6-7-year-old children. Therefore, the effective intervention should be applied closer to the very onset of tooth emergence. This study showed that sex and father’s educational level corelated with the caries experience of the studied children. A higher prevalence of caries was found in girls and children from families with a father of lower educational background. The 2005 and 2015 National Oral Health Survey of China also showed that girls exhibited more caries than boys in permanent dentitions[2, 3]. This may be greatly attributed to the earlier eruption of FPMs in girls than in boys[14]. It has been frequently reported that mother’s educational level associated with child’s caries status both in primary and permanent dentition[18, 19]. In our study, father’s education level showed a statistically significant correlation with caries experience among the studied children. Fathers may play more significant roles in their children's dental hygiene practice in Beijing. Another study conducted in Wuhan, China, also found father’s education level plays an important role in their children’s oral health, mainly reflected due to on their responsibility on in managing financial issues for oral health care[20]. Studies have also suggested that low-education families are less diligent about dental care measures and regular preventive visits to dental professionals, resulting in the development of dental caries[20, 21]. Therefore, it is important to include fathers in oral hygiene promotion and education. It is also critical to do the promotion in low-income or families with lower parental education levels. The contribution of pit and fissure sealants could effectively protect FPMs from caries[22, 23]. From a clinical perspective, it is noteworthy that the best indication for sealants is when FPMs have fully erupted. From our findings, the eruption rate of FPMs was 65.8% and only 24.9% of FPMs were fully erupted with no caries at the age of 6–7 years old. The main target population for the intervention of pit and fissure sealants in the on-going NOHCIP was set at 7–9 years old. Although this may be beneficial in terms of saving time, manpower and resources, this may result in missed opportunity for the most optimal application of sealant and preventing potential tooth decay in some children. Our findings suggest that the sealant procedure should be performed at an earlier age among children in Beijing, which is consistent with findings from studies conducted in other cities in China[14, 24–27]. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that caries often occurred on the occlusal surface of maxillary and mandibular FPMs, the buccal surface of mandibular FPMs, and the lingual surface of maxillary FPMs, which is in agreement with the observations from a Chinese national survey in 2015[14]. Therefore, when applying sealants, special attention should be paid to these high-caries risk tooth surfaces. The stage of eruption and tooth-specific anatomy are two intra-oral factors for the occurrence and distribution of plaque accumulation[28]. The erupting FPMs are the most caries-prone teeth due to favorable conditions for plaque accumulation[28]. The complex fissures of FPMs are partially covered by gingiva for a considerable period of time[29]. The vulnerability is also attributed to incomplete post eruptive maturation of the enamel[30] and lack of awareness of the tooth emergence[31]. The time between eruption and full functional occlusion is the most important period for maintenance of tooth integrity. The preservation of these non-decayed partially and fully erupted FPMs is of prime importance for the control of dental caries in permanent dentition. Our study found a considerable number of partially erupted FPMs with no caries at this age. In terms of the difficulty in controlling humidity for erupting teeth, the topical application of fluoride on erupting FPMs is desirable to reduce the caries attack to FPMs both clinically and economically favorable[32–36]. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen oral health education and oral hygiene instruction for both children (both girls and boys) and their parents, including both fathers and mothers. This is also an important supplementary measure for oral health promotion. The vast majority of children in China go to elementary school at 6–7 years of age. From then on, children will receive more systematic education in school, which is also a critical period for the formation of oral health behavior. Conclusions In conclusion, majority of FPMs were erupted in children aged 6–7 years in Beijing, China, and the prevalence of dental caries in these children was not negligible. Effective intervention should be applied in this age group for oral health promotion. Abbreviations FPMs First Permanent Molars CPI Community Periodontal Index NOHCIP National Oral Health Comprehensive Intervention Program DMFT Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth DMFS Decayed, Missing and Filled Surfaces Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The approval of the design and procedure of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the China Oral Health Foundation (approval number: 2021-003). Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare that there are no competing interests. Funding This study was sponsored by “Ai Xiao Shao Nian” program, China Oral Health Foundation. Authors' contributions MZ did the literature review and drafted the manuscript. ZW conceived and designed the study, did the data analysis and substantively revised the paper. ML trained and calibrated the examiners. ZS, RW and LY organized and conducted the study. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the participating students and their parents or guardians. We also appreciate the support of the teachers and administrative staff of the participating schools. 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Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in BMC Oral Health → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 22 Aug, 2024 Reviews received at journal 24 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Jul, 2024 Reviews received at journal 12 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Jul, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Jul, 2024 Editor invited by journal 10 Jul, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 28 Jun, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 28 Jun, 2024 First submitted to journal 26 Jun, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-4643442\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":329630417,\"identity\":\"b8c769a6-51cd-4ed5-a6fd-0bcbb06e6018\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Mei Zhao\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Capital Medical University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Mei\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Zhao\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":329630418,\"identity\":\"dc2fd52d-6310-434e-946b-dbf02b9872c4\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Zhaoyou Wang\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAtElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCAwkVNnJs7O0HiNbB+ODDmTRjPp4zCURrYTac2XY4cZ6EgwFx6g2O95hJ87alpbdJMCQw/KjYRoSWM2fMpHnO2eS2STceYOw5c5sILTdygFrK0nLbZA4kMDO2Ea2F7XA6m0SCAdFajA1ntB1OIF6L5JljhaBANmwDBvJBovzCd7x5Aygq5eXb2w8++FFBhBaFA0icAzgUoQL5BqKUjYJRMApGwYgGACaXQD89u3HGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Peking University Third Hospital\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Zhaoyou\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Wang\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":329630419,\"identity\":\"a54a22fd-c6b9-40ce-8865-a629d4057767\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Min Liu\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Capital Medical University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Min\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Liu\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":329630420,\"identity\":\"19de54e9-1557-4821-b58c-e30bfb16b559\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"Ziqi Song\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Beijing Shijingshan Hospital\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Ziqi\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Song\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":329630421,\"identity\":\"8e860300-4b34-4c75-9c90-3d57c7688f0f\",\"order_by\":4,\"name\":\"Rong Wang\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Beijing Shijingshan Hospital\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Rong\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Wang\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":329630422,\"identity\":\"fd39b0c7-5c87-4d97-a37f-d4d8287b14dc\",\"order_by\":5,\"name\":\"Lina Yang\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Beijing Shijingshan District Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Lina\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Yang\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2024-06-26 14:36:21\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643442/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643442/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[{\"content\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04915-1\",\"type\":\"published\",\"date\":\"2024-09-27T15:57:05+00:00\"}],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":60810239,\"identity\":\"2c83922b-e0ce-427c-9184-992fca08aafe\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-07-22 10:47:26\",\"extension\":\"jpg\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"Figure 1\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"figure\",\"size\":83241,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eSee image above for figure legend.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"figure1BMCOH.jpg\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4643442/v1/ebe38a8e4e11e4dc63185306.jpg\"},{\"id\":65627155,\"identity\":\"4440fe60-e6fc-4f65-9c47-029165542421\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2024-09-30 16:12:37\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":0,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":671224,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"manuscript.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4643442/v1/68dc3372-2406-4189-b9c9-a83a8a0b9c33.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"No competing interests reported.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"Eruption and caries status of first permanent molars in children aged 6-7 years in Beijing, China\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"Background\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eDental caries is a worldwide chronic non-communicable disease[1]. According to the most recent National Oral Health Survey of China conducted in 2015, the mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) score of Chinese 12-years-olds was 0.86[2], which was still on the very low level from a global perspective. However, the prevalence of dental caries rocketed from 28.9% in 2005[3] to 38.5% in 2015[2], and the dental caries is still a major disease that affect the oral health of Chinese people[4]. From 2008, the central government of China started to invest annually in the National Oral Health Comprehensive Intervention Program (NOHCIP) for children, aiming to promote their oral health and control oral diseases[5]. The program provided a series of measures for oral health promotion, including training of dental workforce and conducting oral health education, regular oral health examination as well as pit-and-fissure sealants for 7-9-year-olds [5]. The expansion and extension of coverage of this national program was expected to be beneficial for improving oral health status in children and strengthening the dental workforce in some underdeveloped regions[5]. The program achieved some success in preventing dental caries. Data of 12-year-olds participating in the 4th National Oral Health Survey of China conducted in 2015 demonstrated lower prevalence of dental caries in regions covered by the national program than those not covered[5]. The Healthy China 2030 blueprint released by the Chinese government in 2016 aimed to decrease the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-olds to 25% or lower by 2030[6]. In addition, the General Office of State Council drafted and distributed the National Program for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention (2017\\u0026ndash;2025) (Chronic Diseases Program), another document for implementing the Healthy China 2030 Plan, aiming to reduce the prevalence of dental caries to 30% or lower in 2025[7]. All these policies will guide mid-term to long-term efforts toward oral health promotion and provide good opportunities for the development of sustainable public oral health in China[8].\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eBeijing, China\\u0026rsquo;s capital, has always been the top performers in the control and prevention of dental caries nationwide. Since the pilot study of NOHCIP conducted in Beijing in 2005, the caries prevalence rate in 12-year-olds in Beijing was only 28.3% in 2015, 10 percentage lower than the national average [9]. Unfortunately, there was some alarming trend in Beijing with the prevalence increased significantly to 31.6%, 32.2% and 34.9% in 2017, 2019 and 2021 respectively [10\\u0026ndash;12], making it a huge challenge to fulfill the dental caries prevention goal of the Healthy China 2030 Plan.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMore than 90% of dental caries was confined to FPMs among school-aged children[2, 3]. The emergence of FPMs is an important developmental milestone influencing caries risk and the timing of sealant placement[13]. A large scale epidemiological survey in 2015 reported that the percentage of fully erupted FPMs was 79.53%, 89.84% and 93.81%, and the prevalence of dental caries was 12.18%, 16.83% and 19.61% among Chinese children aged 7,8,9 years, respectively[14]. Therefore, a considerable portion of FPMs have already been decayed before they can be sealed, and thus FPMs should be protected from the very onset of tooth eruption, earlier than 7\\u0026ndash;9 years old.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e The aim of the present study was to investigate the eruption and prevalence of dental caries of FPMs in children aged 6\\u0026ndash;7 years in Beijing, China, and to provide information for oral health promotion.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Methods\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec3\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eStudy design and participants\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe study was conducted on children in Shijingshan District of Beijing. There are 31 public elementary schools in Shijingshan District. All the children in Grade One of these schools were invited to participate the study. Children with written informed consent from their parents or guardians were included.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec4\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eCaries examination\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eClinical examinations were carried out under artificial light using dental mirrors and CPI (community periodontal index) probes. Dental caries was diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria[15]. The eruption status, pit and fissure patterns and dental caries of FPMs were examined and recorded. Eight examiners completed training and were calibrated for clinical examination to ensure the validity and reliability of the data collection. 5% of the subjects were selected randomly for repeated tests by examiners to measure their consistency. Children were instructed by dentists to brush their teeth before the oral examination. The oral examination was carried out at school with children in a supine position. Examiners dried the surface of the teeth with cotton rolls and swabs. No radiography examinations were taken. After the oral examination, a report was sent to the child\\u0026rsquo;s caretakers to inform them if the child needed treatment.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec5\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eQuestionnaire\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe questionnaire was designed based on the National Oral Health Survey of China[2, 3] and included the following aspects: (a) children's sociodemographic information (sex, the number of children in the family and parental educational background); (b) oral health-related behavior (frequency of toothbrushing, sweets intake and the use of dental floss). The questionnaire was completed by the parents or guardians of the participation children.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec6\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eData analysis\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCaries prevalence (in %), mean DMFT score and mean decayed, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) of FPMs were calculated. The Chi-square test was used to compare proportions. The relationship between the relevant variables and caries risk was analyzed by Binary logistic regression. The independent variables were sex, sibling (yes, no), father's educational background (low, median, high), mother's educational background (low, median, high), frequency of toothbrushing habits (\\u0026thinsp;≧\\u0026thinsp;2/d, \\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;2/d), frequency of sweets intake(everyday, not everyday) and the use of dental floss (everyday, not everyday). \\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. A statistical software package, SPSS Statistics (version 26, IBM), was used for data analysis.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Results\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec8\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eStudy population\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe survey was conducted from September 14th, 2022, through November 30th,2022. In total, there were 4,085 children aged 6\\u0026ndash;7 years in Grade One in public elementary schools in Shijingshan District. A total of 3,176 children, 1,644 boys (51.8%) and 1,532 girls (48.2%) were included in the study, who completed both the oral examination and the questionnaire. Those who were absent due to the Covid-19 pandemic, could not cooperate the oral examination or had no parental consent were excluded.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec9\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eEruption status of FPMs of the studied children\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe eruption rate of FPMs was 65.8% (8,360/12,704). Girls had more FPMs than boys (70.1% VS 61.8%) (Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab1\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e1\\u003c/span\\u003e). More than 70% of the mandibular FPMs had been erupted at the age of 6\\u0026ndash;7 years, while the eruption rate of the maxillary FPMs was approximately 60% (Fig.\\u0026nbsp;1).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab1\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 1\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe percentage of first permanent molars according to the stage of eruption\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eStage of eruption\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003etotal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eboy\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003egirl\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNon-erupted\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNo emergence in oral cavity\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e34.2%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e38.2%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29.9%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePartially erupted\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePartially erupted but not in full occlusion\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e28.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e28.1%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e28.5%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFully erupted\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFull occlusion\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e37.5%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e33.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e41.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFigure 1. The distribution of erupted first permanent molars\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec10\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eCaries experience of the studied children\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe prevalence of dental caries in FPMs was 5.5% (174/3,176) in studied children, with the mean DMFT score of 0.11 and the mean DMFS score of 0.19. The caries prevalence of FPMs was 3.9% (64/1,644) among boys, while 7.2% (110/1,532) among girls. The caries experience was more sever in girls than in boys (p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.05). Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab2\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e2\\u003c/span\\u003e presents the distribution of dental caries in different locations and surfaces. The occlusal surfaces were the mostly affected surfaces of FPMs. Caries also often occurred on the buccal surface of lower teeth and the lingual surface of upper teeth.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab2\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 2\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe distribution of dental caries in different locations and surfaces\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"15\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\" colnum=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\" colnum=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\" colnum=\\\"8\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\" colnum=\\\"9\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\" colnum=\\\"10\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c11\\\" colnum=\\\"11\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c12\\\" colnum=\\\"12\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c13\\\" colnum=\\\"13\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c14\\\" colnum=\\\"14\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c15\\\" colnum=\\\"15\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e#16\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e#26\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e#36\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c11\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c12\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c13\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c14\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e#46\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c15\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eO\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eP\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMDB\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eO\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eP\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMDB\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eO\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eB\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c11\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMDL\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c12\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c13\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eO\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c14\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eB\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c15\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMDL\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.5%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.0%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.4%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.0%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.5%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c8\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c9\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c10\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.0%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c11\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c12\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c13\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.1%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c14\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.8%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c15\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.8%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003ctfoot\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd colspan=\\\"15\\\"\\u003eO: Occlusal; P: Palatal; M: Missal; D: Distal; B: Buccal; L: Lingual\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tfoot\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec11\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eThe association between relevant variables and caries of FPMs\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe response rate of questionnaire was 89.7% (2,849/3,176). The prevalence of dental caries of FPMs according to different contributing factors studied is shown in Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab3\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e3\\u003c/span\\u003e. It was found that higher educational background of father associated with a lower caries experience of FPMs in their children (p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001). Only 3.8% of the studied children used dental floss daily. The daily use of dental floss was found to be positively associated with a lower caries prevalence of PFMs(\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.05).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab3\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 3\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe prevalence of dental caries of first permanent molars of the surveyed children according to different variables studied (N\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;2,849)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eN\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePrevalence of dental caries of FPMs\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e-value*\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003esibling\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eno\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1,734\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.8%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.080\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eyes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1,115\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6.4%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFather\\u0026rsquo;s educational background\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh (college or above)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1,926\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.4%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMedian (senior school)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e828\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e8.0%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLow (junior school or below)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e95\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMother\\u0026rsquo;s educational background\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh (college or above)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1,940\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.054\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMedian (senior school)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e830\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e7.2%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLow (junior school or below)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e79\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency of toothbrushing\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026ge;\\u0026thinsp;2/d\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2,001\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.9%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.075\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;2/d\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e848\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSweets intake\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEveryday\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e234\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e6.4%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.495\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNot everyday\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2,615\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.4%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe use of dental floss\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEveryday\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e109\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.8%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.003\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNot everyday\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2,740\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e5.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003ctfoot\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e\\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e*Chi-square test\\u003c/td\\u003e\\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tfoot\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eChildren who brushed their teeth at least twice a day had lower caries prevalence of FPMs than those who brushed their teeth less than twice a day. A lower caries prevalence of FPMs was also found in children without siblings or daily sweets intake. However, no statistical significance was found in these variables (\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026gt;\\u0026thinsp;0.05). Mother\\u0026rsquo;s educational background was found not significantly associated with the prevalence of dental caries of FPMs of the studied children (P\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026gt;\\u0026thinsp;0.05).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe results of the Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that sex and father\\u0026rsquo;s educational level contributed to the caries experience of FPMs of the studied children (p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.05). Girl exhibited a higher risk for FPM caries than boys(\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001). It also showed that high educational level of father correlated with a lower caries experience of FPMs in their children (p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab4\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e4\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab4\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 4\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eBinary Logistic regression analysis for the dental caries of first permanent molars of the surveyed children\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\" colnum=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\" colnum=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eVariables\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eB\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eS.E.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e value\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eExp(B)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e95%CI\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003esex\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eboy\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003egirl\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.17\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.02\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.44\\u0026ndash;2.83\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe only child in the family\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eyes\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eno\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.17\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.25\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.22\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.87\\u0026ndash;1.70\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFather\\u0026rsquo;s educational level\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh(college or above)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMedian(senior school)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.57\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.77\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.19\\u0026ndash;2.60\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLow(junior school or below)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e-0.03\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.55\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.96\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.97\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.33\\u0026ndash;2.86\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMother\\u0026rsquo;s educational level\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eHigh(college or above)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eMedian(senior school)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.64\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.10\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.74\\u0026ndash;1.64\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eLow(junior school or below)\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.23\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.52\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.66\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.26\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.46\\u0026ndash;3.48\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency of toothbrushing\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026ge;\\u0026thinsp;2/d\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;2/d\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.30\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.18\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.09\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.34\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.95\\u0026ndash;1.90\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFrequency of sweets intake\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEveryday\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNot everyday\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.05\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.29\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.85\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e1.06\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.60\\u0026ndash;1.86\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe use of dental floss\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eeveryday\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNot everyday\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.92\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.72\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.20\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.51\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.61\\u0026ndash;10.35\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003econstant\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e-4.57\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.73\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.01\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv id=\\\"Sec12\\\" class=\\\"Section2\\\"\\u003e \\u003ch2\\u003eThe eruption and caries status of the studied children\\u003c/h2\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFor all the FPMs emerged in oral cavity of the studied children, 43.0% of FPMs partially erupted and not yet been decayed. The rate of partially emerged mandibular FPMs was nearly twice that of the maxillary FPMs. In total, 37.8% of the erupted FPMs were in full occlusion and can be sealed. The percentage of fully erupted and sealable FPMs in the right maxillary, the left maxillary, the left mandibular and the right mandibular section was 47.3%, 47.7%, 29.6% and 30.3%, respectively. These teeth satisfied the indication for the pit and fissure sealants procedure. At the same time, 4.1% of the erupted FPMs had already been decayed or filled, including partially erupted and fully erupted ones. The distribution of the erupted FPMs with different stages of eruption and caries status of the surveyed children was shown in Table\\u0026nbsp;\\u003cspan refid=\\\"Tab5\\\" class=\\\"InternalRef\\\"\\u003e5\\u003c/span\\u003e.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"gridtable\\\"\\u003e\\u003ctable float=\\\"Yes\\\" id=\\\"Tab5\\\" border=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e \\u003ccaption language=\\\"En\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionNumber\\\"\\u003eTable 5\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"CaptionContent\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe distribution of the erupted first permanent molars with different stages of eruption and caries status of the surveyed children\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/caption\\u003e \\u003ccolgroup cols=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\" colnum=\\\"1\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\" colnum=\\\"2\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"left\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\" colnum=\\\"3\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\" colnum=\\\"4\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\" colnum=\\\"5\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\" colnum=\\\"6\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" class=\\\"colspec\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\" colnum=\\\"7\\\"\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cthead\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eEruption status\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCaries status\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e#16\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e#26\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e#36\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e#46\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003cth align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eTotal\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/th\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/thead\\u003e \\u003ctbody\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003ePartially erupted\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNon-decayed\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e30.4%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e53.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e53.2%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e43.0%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDecayed or filled\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026mdash;\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.1%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.2%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e0.1%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFully erupted\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSealable\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e47.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e47.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e29.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e30.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e37.8%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eSealed or shallow fissures\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e19.5%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e19.0%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e11.6%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e12.0%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e15.1%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003ctr\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c1\\\"\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c2\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDecayed or filled\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"left\\\" colname=\\\"c3\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e2.8%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c4\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e3.5%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c5\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.8%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c6\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003ctd align=\\\"char\\\" char=\\\".\\\" colname=\\\"c7\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003e4.0%\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/td\\u003e \\u003c/tr\\u003e \\u003c/tbody\\u003e \\u003c/colgroup\\u003e \\u003c/table\\u003e\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Discussion\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThis study has a large sample size, covering all elementary schools in Shijingshan District of Beijing. Though there were some children absent from the study, the studied sample can approximate the eruption and caries status of FPMs of the entire district. In addition, monitoring data from the past few years (2017, 2019 and 2021), the prevalence of dental caries in Shijingshan District has been similar to the average level in the city of Beijing[10\\u0026ndash;12]. Therefore, results based on children in the district may provide a glimpse into the conditions of the city of Beijing.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe time of eruption for FPMs of children is approximately six years of age[16] and erupted teeth are more susceptible to caries during the first one to three years after the eruption[17]. This study found that the prevalence of dental caries of FPMs was 5.5% among 6-7-year-old children. Therefore, the effective intervention should be applied closer to the very onset of tooth emergence.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThis study showed that sex and father\\u0026rsquo;s educational level corelated with the caries experience of the studied children. A higher prevalence of caries was found in girls and children from families with a father of lower educational background. The 2005 and 2015 National Oral Health Survey of China also showed that girls exhibited more caries than boys in permanent dentitions[2, 3]. This may be greatly attributed to the earlier eruption of FPMs in girls than in boys[14]. It has been frequently reported that mother\\u0026rsquo;s educational level associated with child\\u0026rsquo;s caries status both in primary and permanent dentition[18, 19]. In our study, father\\u0026rsquo;s education level showed a statistically significant correlation with caries experience among the studied children. Fathers may play more significant roles in their children's dental hygiene practice in Beijing. Another study conducted in Wuhan, China, also found father\\u0026rsquo;s education level plays an important role in their children\\u0026rsquo;s oral health, mainly reflected due to on their responsibility on in managing financial issues for oral health care[20]. Studies have also suggested that low-education families are less diligent about dental care measures and regular preventive visits to dental professionals, resulting in the development of dental caries[20, 21]. Therefore, it is important to include fathers in oral hygiene promotion and education. It is also critical to do the promotion in low-income or families with lower parental education levels.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe contribution of pit and fissure sealants could effectively protect FPMs from caries[22, 23]. From a clinical perspective, it is noteworthy that the best indication for sealants is when FPMs have fully erupted. From our findings, the eruption rate of FPMs was 65.8% and only 24.9% of FPMs were fully erupted with no caries at the age of 6\\u0026ndash;7 years old. The main target population for the intervention of pit and fissure sealants in the on-going NOHCIP was set at 7\\u0026ndash;9 years old. Although this may be beneficial in terms of saving time, manpower and resources, this may result in missed opportunity for the most optimal application of sealant and preventing potential tooth decay in some children. Our findings suggest that the sealant procedure should be performed at an earlier age among children in Beijing, which is consistent with findings from studies conducted in other cities in China[14, 24\\u0026ndash;27]. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that caries often occurred on the occlusal surface of maxillary and mandibular FPMs, the buccal surface of mandibular FPMs, and the lingual surface of maxillary FPMs, which is in agreement with the observations from a Chinese national survey in 2015[14]. Therefore, when applying sealants, special attention should be paid to these high-caries risk tooth surfaces.\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eThe stage of eruption and tooth-specific anatomy are two intra-oral factors for the occurrence and distribution of plaque accumulation[28]. The erupting FPMs are the most caries-prone teeth due to favorable conditions for plaque accumulation[28]. The complex fissures of FPMs are partially covered by gingiva for a considerable period of time[29]. The vulnerability is also attributed to incomplete post eruptive maturation of the enamel[30] and lack of awareness of the tooth emergence[31]. The time between eruption and full functional occlusion is the most important period for maintenance of tooth integrity. The preservation of these non-decayed partially and fully erupted FPMs is of prime importance for the control of dental caries in permanent dentition. Our study found a considerable number of partially erupted FPMs with no caries at this age. In terms of the difficulty in controlling humidity for erupting teeth, the topical application of fluoride on erupting FPMs is desirable to reduce the caries attack to FPMs both clinically and economically favorable[32\\u0026ndash;36]. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen oral health education and oral hygiene instruction for both children (both girls and boys) and their parents, including both fathers and mothers. This is also an important supplementary measure for oral health promotion. The vast majority of children in China go to elementary school at 6\\u0026ndash;7 years of age. From then on, children will receive more systematic education in school, which is also a critical period for the formation of oral health behavior.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Conclusions\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eIn conclusion, majority of FPMs were erupted in children aged 6\\u0026ndash;7 years in Beijing, China, and the prevalence of dental caries in these children was not negligible. Effective intervention should be applied in this age group for oral health promotion.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Abbreviations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv class=\\\"DefinitionList\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"DefinitionListEntry\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"Term\\\"\\u003eFPMs\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"Description\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eFirst Permanent Molars\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"DefinitionListEntry\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"Term\\\"\\u003eCPI\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"Description\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eCommunity Periodontal Index\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"DefinitionListEntry\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"Term\\\"\\u003eNOHCIP\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"Description\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eNational Oral Health Comprehensive Intervention Program\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"DefinitionListEntry\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"Term\\\"\\u003eDMFT\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"Description\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDecayed, Missing and Filled Teeth\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"DefinitionListEntry\\\"\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"Term\\\"\\u003eDMFS\\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003cdiv class=\\\"Description\\\"\\u003e \\u003cp\\u003eDecayed, Missing and Filled Surfaces\\u003c/p\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e \\u003c/div\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe approval of the design and procedure of this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the China Oral Health Foundation (approval number: 2021-003).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConsent for publication\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eNot applicable.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAvailability of data and materials\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe datasets analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to privacy but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eCompeting interests\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors declare that there are no competing interests.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eFunding\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis study was sponsored by “Ai Xiao Shao Nian” program, China Oral Health Foundation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAuthors' contributions\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eMZ did the literature review and drafted the manuscript. ZW conceived and designed the study, did the data analysis and substantively revised the paper. ML trained and calibrated the examiners. ZS, RW and LY organized and conducted the study.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eAcknowledgements\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWe would like to thank the participating students and their parents or guardians. We also appreciate the support of the teachers and administrative staff of the participating schools. We would like to give special thanks to Liduo Wang, Ahui Wang, Haoran Xiong, Rui He, Hongmei Sun, Chaofei Wang, Shang Li and Junjun Yin for their great efforts in conducting the survey and collecting data.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eWHO. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eWang X. \\u003cem\\u003eReport of the Fourth National Oral Health Survey\\u003c/em\\u003e. 1st ed. Beijing:People\\u0026rsquo;s Medical Publishing House 2018:39.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eQi X. \\u003cem\\u003eReport Of The Third National Oral Health Survey\\u003c/em\\u003e. 1st ed. Beijing:People\\u0026rsquo;s Medical Publishing House 2008:16.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eHu DY, Hong X, Li X. Oral health in China--trends and challenges. Int J Oral Sci. 2011;3(1):7-12.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eYuan C, Wang XZ, Sun XY, Wang X, Feng XP, Tai BJ, et al. Oral Health Status of 12-year-olds from Regions with and without Coverage of the National Oral Health Comprehensive Intervention Program for Children in China. Chin J Dent Res. 2018;21(4):299-306.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eThe State Council of China. The blueprint of health plan during the 13th five-year plan period .\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eThe General Office of State Council of China. National Program for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention (2017\\u0026ndash;2025) .\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eZhou X, Xu X, Li J, Hu D, Hu T, Yin W, et al. Oral health in China: from vision to action. Int J Oral Sci. 2018;10(1):1.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eBeijing has sealed for more than 3 million school-age children, which is the best in the country .\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eBeijing Municipal People\\u0026apos;s Government. Report on hygiene and health of population in Beijing\\u003c/em\\u003e. Beijing:People\\u0026apos;s Medical Publishing House 2018.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eBeijing Municipal People\\u0026apos;s Government. Report on hygiene and health of population in Beijing\\u003c/em\\u003e. Beijing:People\\u0026apos;s Medical Publishing House 2020.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eBeijing Municipal People\\u0026apos;s Government. Report on hygiene and health of population in Beijing\\u003c/em\\u003e. Beijing:People\\u0026apos;s Medical Publishing House 2022.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003ePahel BT, Vann WF Jr, Divaris K, Rozier RG. A Contemporary Examination of First and Second Permanent Molar Emergence. J Dent Res. 2017;96(10):1115-21.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eChunxiao W, Yang Y, Qi Z, Xuenan L. Eruption and caries prevalence of first permanent molar in Chinese children aged 7-9 years. Chin J Public Health. 2016;32(5):599-601.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eWorld Health Organization. Oral health surveys- basic methods\\u003c/em\\u003e. 5th ed ed. Geneva:WHO 2013.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eEkstrand KR, Christiansen J, Christiansen ME. Time and duration of eruption of first and second permanent molars: a longitudinal investigation. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2003;31(5):344-50.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eAbernathy JR, Graves RC, Greenberg BG, Bohannan HM, Disney JA. Application of life table methodology in determining dental caries rates. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1986;14(5):261-4.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003ePaula JS, Rodrigues PA, Mattos FF, Abreu M, Chalub L, Zina LG. Mother\\u0026apos;s education and family relations protect children from dental caries experience: a salutogenic approach. Braz Oral Res. 2022;36:e111.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eVerrips GH, Kalsbeek H, Eijkman MA. Ethnicity and maternal education as risk indicators for dental caries, and the role of dental behavior. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1993;21(4):209-14.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eChen L, Hong J, Xiong D, Zhang L, Li Y, Huang S, et al. Are parents\\u0026apos; education levels associated with either their oral health knowledge or their children\\u0026apos;s oral health behaviors? A survey of 8446 families in Wuhan. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):203.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eDumitrescu R, Sava-Rosianu R, Jumanca D, Balean O, Damian LR, Fratila AD, et al. The Impact of Parental Education on Schoolchildren\\u0026apos;s Oral Health-A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study in Romania. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(17):11102.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eBravo M, Baca P, Llodra JC, Osorio E. A 24-month study comparing sealant and fluoride varnish in caries reduction on different permanent first molar surfaces. J Public Health Dent. 1997;57(3):184-6.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eAhovuo-Saloranta A, Forss H, Walsh T, Nordblad A, M\\u0026auml;kel\\u0026auml; M, Worthington HV. Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in permanent teeth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7(7):CD001830.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eLei W, Jun L, Yanbo W, Songjie Z. Oral health status and pit and fissure sealant of children aged 7-9 years in Xi\\u0026apos;an. Chin J Sch Helath. 2018;39(10):1589-91.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eFengjuan L, Jian H, Biansheng Y, Jing S, Xu W. The caries and fissure sealant of first permanent molars among children aged 7-9 years in Henan Province. Chin J Sch Health. 2017;38(04):586-8.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eLin L, Buling W, Wenan X, Wanghong Z, Hui Z, Liang X. Eruption and caries of first permanent molars in children aged 6-10 years in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. Chin J Conservative Dent. 2013;23(04):275-7.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eXue Y, Yuanbo Y, Qing D, Yan L. Eruption and caries of first permanent molars in children aged 6-9 years in Tangshan. Chin J Conservative Dent. 2015;25(12):739-42.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eCarvalho JC, Ekstrand KR, Thylstrup A. Dental plaque and caries on occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in relation to stage of eruption. J Dent Res. 1989;68(5):773-9.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eZenkner JE, Alves LS, de Oliveira RS, Bica RH, Wagner MB, Maltz M. Influence of eruption stage and biofilm accumulation on occlusal caries in permanent molars: a generalized estimating equations logistic approach. Caries Res. 2013;47(3):177-82.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eDriessens FC, Heijligers HJ, Borggreven JM, W\\u0026ouml;ltgens JH. Posteruptive maturation of tooth enamel studied with the electron microprobe. Caries Res. 1985;19(5):390-5.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eLynch RJ. The primary and mixed dentition, post-eruptive enamel maturation and dental caries: a review. Int Dent J. 2013;63 Suppl 2:3-13.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eWang Z, Rong W, Xu T. Effect of Fluoride Varnish in Preventing Dental Caries of First Permanent Molars: A 24-Month Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(24):16656.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eAbreu-Placeres N, Garrido LE, Castillo J\\u0026aacute;quez I, F\\u0026eacute;liz-Matos LE. Does Applying Fluoride Varnish Every Three Months Better Prevent Caries Lesions in Erupting First Permanent Molars? A Randomised Clinical Trial. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2019;17(6):541-6.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eSuwansingha O, Rirattanapong P. Effect of fluoride varnish on caries prevention of partially erupted of permanent molar in high caries risk. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2012;43(3):808-13.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eLadewig NM, Camargo LB, Tedesco TK, Floriano I, Gimenez T, Imparato J, et al. Management of dental caries among children: a look at the cost-effectiveness. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2018;18(2):127-34.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eSchwendicke F, Splieth CH, Thomson WM, Reda S, Stolpe M, Foster Page L. Cost-effectiveness of caries-preventive fluoride varnish applications in clinic settings among patients of low, moderate and high risk. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018;46(1):8-16.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":true,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"bmc-oral-health\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"ohea\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx\",\"title\":\"BMC Oral Health\",\"twitterHandle\":\"BMC_series\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"em\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"BMC Series\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Eruption, Caries, First permanent molars, Children, China\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643442/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643442/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eBackground \\u003c/strong\\u003eDental caries is still a major disease that affect the oral health of people in China. First permanent molars (FPMs) are the most caries-susceptible teeth among school-aged children. The aim of this study was to investigate the eruption and caries status of first permanent molars in children aged 6-7 years in Beijing, China, to provide information for oral health promotion.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eMethods \\u003c/strong\\u003eAll 6-7-year-old first grade children from public elementary schools in Shijingshan District, Beijing were invited to receive a clinical oral examination. The eruption status and caries experience of FPMs were recorded. Questionnaires assessing children's sociodemographic information and oral health-related behaviors were completed by the children's parents or guardians.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eResults\\u003c/strong\\u003e A total of 3,176 children, including 1,644 boys (51.8%) and 1,532 girls (48.2%) were included in the oral examination and questionnaire. The eruption rate of FPMs was 65.8%. Within the emerged FPMs, 43.0% of FPMs were partially erupted with no caries and 37.8% of FPMs were fully erupted and sealable. The prevalence of dental caries was 5.5% on FPMs and the mean decayed missing and filled teeth score was 0.11 in the participants. Binary Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that girls had more tooth decay than boys and father’s educational background also associated with the caries experience of the studied children (\\u003cem\\u003eP\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u0026lt;0.05).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConclusions\\u003c/strong\\u003e Majority of FPMs were erupted in children aged 6-7 years in Beijing, China, and the prevalence of dental caries in these children was not negligible. Effective intervention should be applied in this age group for oral health promotion.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Eruption and caries status of first permanent molars in children aged 6-7 years in Beijing, China\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2024-07-22 10:47:21\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4643442/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0},{\"type\":\"decision\",\"content\":\"Revision requested\",\"date\":\"2024-08-22T15:17:31+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2024-07-24T09:28:41+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"33778015626329865680378674651520950462\",\"date\":\"2024-07-23T07:29:10+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"276092204834700147199185014246492741396\",\"date\":\"2024-07-23T03:15:19+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2024-07-13T02:41:11+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"310879431972693829032745635512043346618\",\"date\":\"2024-07-11T06:50:48+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewersInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2024-07-10T12:45:26+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2024-07-10T12:27:28+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorAssigned\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2024-06-28T07:07:50+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"checksComplete\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2024-06-28T07:07:19+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"submitted\",\"content\":\"BMC Oral Health\",\"date\":\"2024-06-26T14:33:07+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"bmc-oral-health\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"ohea\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx\",\"title\":\"BMC Oral Health\",\"twitterHandle\":\"BMC_series\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"em\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"BMC Series\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"3382bb8b-db0b-467d-a6a1-7f72cf3e3f7f\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"July 22nd, 2024\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"published-in-journal\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2024-09-30T16:00:13+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":{\"articleIdentity\":\"rs-4643442\",\"link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04915-1\",\"journal\":{\"identity\":\"bmc-oral-health\",\"isVorOnly\":false,\"title\":\"BMC Oral Health\"},\"publishedOn\":\"2024-09-27 15:57:05\",\"publishedOnDateReadable\":\"September 27th, 2024\"},\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2024-07-22 10:47:21\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"10.1186/s12903-024-04915-1\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04915-1\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-4643442\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-4643442\",\"identity\":\"rs-4643442\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}