{"paper_id":"0abd00a3-a971-4f01-9efe-93c072c9a829","body_text":"Machine Learning–Assisted Performance Prediction of Graphene–Silicon Twin-Port Band-Notched Wideband Antenna in THz Domain | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Machine Learning–Assisted Performance Prediction of Graphene–Silicon Twin-Port Band-Notched Wideband Antenna in THz Domain Goutam Datta, Asha Verma, Pooja Singh, Sreedhar Jadapalli, Neha K. Saini, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9047049/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A 2-port graphene-silicon-built THz antenna is planned and examined in this communication. Aperture feeding and air cavities in silicon dielectric are used to achieve wideband features i.e. 2.35–3.8 THz. Three unique features of designed antenna are: (i) circular metallic rings added with printed line to notched the spectrum part, i.e., 2.75–3.15 THz; (ii) Deep neural network and Random Forest (RF) are applied to guess |S11| parameter of the designed radiator; and (iii) presence of DGS reduces the coupling below − 25 dB. Graphene layering assists in providing frequency tunability qualities to the planned antenna. The optimized design is validated using both CST and HFSS electromagnetic simulators, confirming that the proposed antenna operates effectively within the 2.2–2.65 THz and 3.3–3.7 THz bands. The antenna exhibits stable radiation characteristics along with favorable multi-port performance metrics, demonstrating its suitability for THz-based mobile communication systems. Graphene Ceramic Radiator Multi Port Radiator Machine learning Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-9047049\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":606365849,\"identity\":\"688d8a33-df8a-4c31-aa71-1ef01e79873a\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Goutam Datta\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES)\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Goutam\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Datta\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":606365850,\"identity\":\"372273bf-8e7d-42e2-b19c-5aefedcbaaf4\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Asha Verma\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Asha\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Verma\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":606365851,\"identity\":\"fbcd57d9-6293-47b3-84f0-59910243e6c5\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Pooja Singh\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,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\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Galgotias University\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Pooja\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Singh\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":606365852,\"identity\":\"ab68448e-9245-4b4b-b6ac-52b7877e960e\",\"order_by\":3,\"name\":\"Sreedhar Jadapalli\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Vignana Bharathi Institute of Technology\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Sreedhar\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Jadapalli\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":606365853,\"identity\":\"ac522160-2ce1-4d38-acf5-b1a60f0966a7\",\"order_by\":4,\"name\":\"Neha K. 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Aperture feeding and air cavities in silicon dielectric are used to achieve wideband features i.e. 2.35\\u0026ndash;3.8 THz. Three unique features of designed antenna are: (i) circular metallic rings added with printed line to notched the spectrum part, i.e., 2.75\\u0026ndash;3.15 THz; (ii) Deep neural network and Random Forest (RF) are applied to guess |S11| parameter of the designed radiator; and (iii) presence of DGS reduces the coupling below \\u0026minus;\\u0026thinsp;25 dB. Graphene layering assists in providing frequency tunability qualities to the planned antenna. The optimized design is validated using both CST and HFSS electromagnetic simulators, confirming that the proposed antenna operates effectively within the 2.2\\u0026ndash;2.65 THz and 3.3\\u0026ndash;3.7 THz bands. 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