{"paper_id":"06e4d854-c5e6-4385-9ae2-5ccc7720ee3b","body_text":"Speech to Sign: A 3D Avatar Approach for Discrete Word–to–Indian Sign Language Translation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Speech to Sign: A 3D Avatar Approach for Discrete Word–to–Indian Sign Language Translation Ushnish Sarkar, Pranab Singha Roy, Tapas Samanta This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7885671/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The study aims to address the communication barrier between hearing-impaired individuals and those using spoken language by introducing a 3D avatar-based learning system for Indian Sign Language (ISL). This system converts input speech or text into corresponding ISL sign movements. The methodology used for development, including technologies employed and avatar representation, will be detailed. The speech-to-sign conversion process, 3D avatar animation pipeline has been discussed. Accessibility considerations will be emphasized, and the study will include testing and evaluation procedures to measure the system’s effectiveness. The conclusion will summarize findings and discuss implications, while suggestions for future work will be provided. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Indian Sign Language Speech Recognition HamNoSys SiGML 3D Avatar Assistive Technology Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"initialData\":{\"identity\":\"rs-7885671\",\"acceptedTermsAndConditions\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"archivedVersions\":[],\"articleType\":\"Research Article\",\"associatedPublications\":[],\"authors\":[{\"id\":531215918,\"identity\":\"7e94070b-1064-4987-b0b4-958dff1af020\",\"order_by\":0,\"name\":\"Ushnish Sarkar\",\"email\":\"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACZsYGBhkG9gYg08CCCPVsEC08DDwHQFokSNEikQDiEqGFf3534ufCHTY8/DOfX93wo0CCgb+9OwGvFoljvJulZ55J45G4nVN2swfoMIkzZzfgt+YY7wZp3rbDPAy3c9Ju8AC1GEjk4tciD7TlN0iL/M0zaTf/EKPF4BjvNrAtBjfYj90myhbDY7nbrGe2pfEYnslhuy1jIMFD0C9yh89uvl3YZiMnd/z4s5tv/tjI8bf3EvA+AvAYgElilYMA+wNSVI+CUTAKRsEIAgBzaUauu4Y1nwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==\",\"orcid\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2489-9538\",\"institution\":\"variable energy cyclotron centre\",\"correspondingAuthor\":true,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Ushnish\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Sarkar\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":531215919,\"identity\":\"d98c752a-7dfd-485d-8dd9-e4f1cfaa55fb\",\"order_by\":1,\"name\":\"Pranab Singha Roy\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"variable energy cyclotron centre\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Pranab\",\"middleName\":\"Singha\",\"lastName\":\"Roy\",\"suffix\":\"\"},{\"id\":531215920,\"identity\":\"2333d446-172b-48f3-a741-7bfb07900b09\",\"order_by\":2,\"name\":\"Tapas Samanta\",\"email\":\"\",\"orcid\":\"\",\"institution\":\"variable energy cyclotron centre\",\"correspondingAuthor\":false,\"prefix\":\"\",\"firstName\":\"Tapas\",\"middleName\":\"\",\"lastName\":\"Samanta\",\"suffix\":\"\"}],\"badges\":[],\"createdAt\":\"2025-10-17 10:33:29\",\"currentVersionCode\":1,\"declarations\":{\"humanSubjects\":false,\"vertebrateSubjects\":false,\"conflictsOfInterestStatement\":false,\"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines\":false,\"humanSubjectConsent\":false,\"humanSubjectClinicalTrial\":false,\"humanSubjectCaseReport\":false,\"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines\":false},\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7885671/v1\",\"doiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7885671/v1\",\"draftVersion\":[],\"editorialEvents\":[],\"editorialNote\":\"\",\"failedWorkflow\":false,\"files\":[{\"id\":94024200,\"identity\":\"c7d14de2-fd5a-4629-a919-878d154964e7\",\"added_by\":\"auto\",\"created_at\":\"2025-10-21 13:03:54\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":886499,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"Speech2Sign2.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7885671/v1_covered_4e3bc43c-a8bd-458b-8638-87b744d5dc3b.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"The authors declare no competing interests.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eSpeech to Sign: A 3D Avatar Approach for Discrete\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWord–to–Indian Sign Language Translation\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":true,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Indian Sign Language, Speech Recognition, HamNoSys, SiGML, 3D Avatar, Assistive Technology\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7885671/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7885671/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eThe study aims to address the communication barrier between hearing-impaired\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eindividuals and those using spoken language by introducing a 3D avatar-based\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003elearning system for Indian Sign Language (ISL). 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