{"paper_id":"06701f15-2fb4-4bda-afdf-e3e07d6df570","body_text":"A laboratory investigation of the comparison of antimicrobial properties of nano-emulsions of Phytosphingosine and Chitosan with Triple Antibiotic Paste against Enterococcus faecalis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A laboratory investigation of the comparison of antimicrobial properties of nano-emulsions of Phytosphingosine and Chitosan with Triple Antibiotic Paste against Enterococcus faecalis Ganesh R Jadhav, Priya Mittal, Mohammed Abdul Kader, Suheel Manzoor Baba, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7612601/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Purpose: Aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria are most commonly found in failed root canal cases. Among those, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the the most resistant intracanal microbe. Hence, the antibacterial effectiveness of various intracanal medicaments (ICMs) is primarily tested against E. faecalis . To eliminate such resistant bacteria from the entire root canal system, various contemporary intracanal medicaments (ICMs) with an effective antibacterial action are evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Phytosphingosine nano-emulsion (PHSN), Chitosan nano-emulsion (CHN), and Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) against E. faecalis. Patients and Methods: Assuming the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 15.93 and SD 1.53 with estimated error of 1, 80% power, and 5% alpha error, the sample size was calculated as 9. All three ICMs were prepared following the standard protocols. These ICMs were categorised into 3 groups as follows: Group I: PHSN; Group II: CHN; Group III: TAP. The antibacterial property of these ICMs was evaluated using MIC and disk diffusion methods. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 1 μg/ml for PHSN, 32 μg/ml for CHN, and 4.0 μL/mL for TAP against E. faecalis. PHSNshowed the largest zone of inhibition (38.3±1.48), followed by CHN (8.16±0.966), and TAP (6.30±1.71). Thus, PHSN showed significantly higher antimicrobial efficiency compared to CHN and TAP (p<0.05). Although CHN showed a higher zone of inhibition than the TAP, the difference between them was statistically nonsignificant. Conclusion: Phytosphingosine nano-emulsion (PHSN) has maximum efficacy against E. faecalis, and it can hinder its growth with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1μg/ml. Chitosan nano-emulsion (CHN) shows slightly more efficacy than Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), but without any statistical significance. Antimicrobial agent E. faecalis phytosphingosine chitosan triple antibiotic paste Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. 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10:47:50\",\"extension\":\"pdf\",\"order_by\":1,\"title\":\"\",\"display\":\"\",\"copyAsset\":false,\"role\":\"manuscript-pdf\",\"size\":569147,\"visible\":true,\"origin\":\"\",\"legend\":\"\",\"description\":\"\",\"filename\":\"583269ms.pdf\",\"url\":\"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7612601/v2_covered_e93ef6f5-a80c-4b04-bd3f-930e2fe6126e.pdf\"}],\"financialInterests\":\"The authors declare no competing interests.\",\"formattedTitle\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eA laboratory investigation of the comparison of antimicrobial properties of nano-emulsions of Phytosphingosine and Chitosan with Triple Antibiotic Paste against \\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eEnterococcus faecalis\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"fulltext\":[],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":true,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":false,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":true,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":false,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":true,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":true,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Antimicrobial agent, E. faecalis, phytosphingosine, chitosan, triple antibiotic paste\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7612601/v2\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7612601/v2\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003ePurpose: \\u003c/strong\\u003eAerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria are most commonly found in failed root canal cases. Among those, \\u003cem\\u003eEnterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) \\u003c/em\\u003eis the the\\u003cem\\u003e \\u003c/em\\u003emost resistant intracanal microbe. Hence, the antibacterial effectiveness of various intracanal medicaments (ICMs) is primarily tested against \\u003cem\\u003eE. faecalis\\u003c/em\\u003e. To eliminate such resistant bacteria from the entire root canal system, various contemporary intracanal medicaments (ICMs) with an effective antibacterial action are evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of Phytosphingosine nano-emulsion (PHSN), Chitosan nano-emulsion (CHN), and Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP) against \\u003cem\\u003eE. faecalis.\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003ePatients and Methods: \\u003c/strong\\u003eAssuming the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 15.93 and SD 1.53 with estimated error of 1, 80% power, and 5% alpha error, the sample size was calculated as 9. All three ICMs were prepared following the standard protocols. These ICMs were categorised into 3 groups as follows: Group I: PHSN; Group II: CHN; Group III: TAP. The antibacterial property of these ICMs was evaluated using MIC and disk diffusion methods. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eResults: \\u003c/strong\\u003eThe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be 1 μg/ml for PHSN, 32 μg/ml for CHN, and 4.0 μL/mL for TAP against E. faecalis. PHSNshowed the largest zone of inhibition (38.3±1.48), followed by CHN (8.16±0.966), and TAP (6.30±1.71). Thus, PHSN showed significantly higher antimicrobial efficiency compared to CHN and TAP (p\\u0026lt;0.05). Although CHN showed a higher zone of inhibition than the TAP, the difference between them was statistically nonsignificant.\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eConclusion: \\u003c/strong\\u003ePhytosphingosine nano-emulsion (PHSN) has maximum efficacy against \\u003cem\\u003eE. faecalis,\\u003c/em\\u003e and it can hinder its growth with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1μg/ml. Chitosan nano-emulsion (CHN) shows slightly more efficacy than Triple Antibiotic Paste (TAP), but without any statistical significance.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"A laboratory investigation of the comparison of antimicrobial properties of nano-emulsions of Phytosphingosine and Chitosan with Triple Antibiotic Paste against Enterococcus faecalis\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":2,\"date\":\"2026-01-14 21:29:42\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7612601/v2\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}},{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-10-16 01:57:13\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7612601/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"researchsquare\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":true,\"externalIdentity\":\"\",\"sideBox\":\"\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"/submission\",\"title\":\"Research Square\",\"twitterHandle\":\"researchsquare\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":false,\"editorialSystem\":\"\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"\",\"inReviewEnabled\":false,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"1f4ddb8c-9088-49b5-8c9b-7e1744f5037b\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"January 14th, 2026\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"posted\",\"subjectAreas\":[],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2025-10-30T10:09:09+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":[],\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2026-01-14 21:29:42\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v2\",\"identity\":\"rs-7612601\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-7612601\",\"identity\":\"rs-7612601\",\"version\":[\"v2\"]},\"buildId\":\"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}