{"paper_id":"04e9c8c9-6bd3-4811-b6b2-4390f08e3ef0","body_text":"Abstract\nPelvic pain is one of the most vexing problems encountered by the family physician. The monetary and psychosocial costs are unknown but are assumed to be high. In the United States about 40% of all laparoscopies are done for the evaluation and treatment of pelvic pain.1\nChapter PDF\nSimilar content being viewed by others\nReferences\nPeterson HB, Hulka JF, Phillips JM. American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists’ 1988 membership survey on operative laparoscopy. J Reprod Med 1990; 35: 587–9.\nNolan TE, Elkins TE. Chronic pelvic pain: differentiating anatomic from functional causes. Postgrad Med 1993; 94: 125–8.\nToomey TC, Hernandez JT, Gittlelman DF, Hulka JF. Relationship of sexual and physical abuse to pain and psychological assessment variables in chronic pelvic pain. Pain 1993; 94: 125–8.\nLing FW, Slocumb JC. Use of trigger point injections in chronic pelvic pain. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1993; 20: 809–15.\nKing Baker P. Musculoskeletal origins of chronic pelvic pain. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1993; 20: 719–40.\nKing PM, Myers LA, Ling FW, et al. Musculoskeletal factors in chronic pelvic pain. J Psych Obstet Gynaecol 1991; 12: 87–98.\nBasu HK. Major common problems: pelvic pain. Br J Hosp Med 1981; 26: 150–8.\nVercellini P, Fedele L, Arcaini L, et al. Laparoscopy in the diagnoses of chronic pelvic pain in adolescent women. J Reprod Med 1989; 34: 827–32.\nBaker PN, Symonds EM. The resolution of chronic pelvic pain. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 835–9.\nMcQuay HJ, Carroll D, Glynn CJ. Low dose amitriptyline in the treatment of chronic pain. Anesthesia 1992; 47: 646–52.\nParsons L, Stovall T. Surgical management of chronic pelvic pain. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1993; 20: 765–78.\nStovall TG, Ling FW, Crawford DA. Hysterectomy for chronic pelvic pain of presumed uterine etiology. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75: 676–81.\nSampson JA. Perforating hemorrhagic (chocolate) cysts of the ovary, their importance and especially their relation to pelvic adenomas of the endometrial type. Arch Surg 1921; 3: 245–323.\nSaltiel E, Garabedian-Ruffalo SM. Pharmacologic management of endometriosis. Clin Pharm 1991; 10: 518–30.\nRawsn JM. Prevalence of endometriosis in asymptomatic women. J Reprod Med 1991; 36: 513–5.\nDawood MY. Endometriosis. In: Gold JJ, Josimovich JB, eds. Gynecologic endocrinology. New York: Plenum, l987; 387–404.\nMoghissi KS. Office management of endometriosis. In: Stenchever MA, ed. Office gynecology. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, 1992; 413–29.\nNational Center for Health Statistics, McCarthey E. Inpatient utilization of short-stay hospitals by diagnosis: United States, 1980. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1982. DHSS Publ. no. (PHS) 83–1735. (Vital and health statistics; series 13: Data from the National Health Survey, no. 74.)\nHurst BS, Rock JA. Endometriosis: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Obstet Gynecol Surv 1989; 44: 297–304.\nEndometriosis and infertility. In: Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG, eds. Clinical gynecology, endocrinology, and infertility, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1989: 547–63.\nDmowski WP. Endometriosis. In: Glass RH, ed. Office gynecology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1987; 317–36.\nBerube S, Marcoux S. Langeuiun M, Maheux R. Fecundity of infertile women with minimal or mild endometriosis and women with unexplained infertility. Canadian Collaborative Group of Endometriosis. Fértil Steril 1998; 69: 1034–41.\nAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Management of endometriosis. Technical bulletin no. 85. Washington, DC: ACOG, 1985.\nColacurci N, Fortunato N, DeFranciscis P, et al. Serum and peritoneal CA-125 levels as diagnostic test for endometriosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Repord Biol 1996; 66: 41–3.\nMathur S. Autoimmunity in endometriosis: relevance to infertility. Am J Reprod Immunol 2000; 44: 89–95.\nKöninck PR, Riittinen L, Sepalla M, Cornillie FJ. CA-125 and placental protein 14 concentrations in plasma and peritoneal fluid of women with deeply infiltrating pelvic endometriosis. Fértil Steril 1992; 57: 523–30.\nBadawy SZA, Cuenea V, Freliech H, Stefanu C. Endometrial antibodies in serum and peritoneal fluid of infertile patients with and without endometriosis. Fertil Steril 1990; 53: 930–2.\nSeibel MM. Does minimal endometriosis always require treatment? Contemp Obstet Gynecol 1989; 34: 27–39.\nDiZerega GS, Barber DL, Hodgen GD. Endometriosis: role of ovarian steroids in initiation, maintenance, and suppression. Fertil Steril 1980; 33: 649–53.\nBarbieri RL. Endometriosis 1990: current treatment approaches. Drugs 1990; 39: 502–10.\nLing FW. Randomized controlled trial of depot leuprolide in patients with chronic pelvic pain and clinically suspected endometriosis. Pelvic Pain Study Group. Obstet Gynecol 1999; 93: 51–8.\nFedele L, Bianchi S, Marchin M, Villa L, Brioschi D, Parazz-ini F. Superovulation with human menopausal gonadotropins in the treatment of infertility associated with minimal or mild endometriosis: a controlled randomized study. Fertil Steril 1992; 58: 28–31.\nMedical Research International Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology, American Fertility Society. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in the United States: 1989 results from the IVF-ET registry. Fertil Steril 1991; 55: 14–23.\nOlive DL, Schwartz BL. Endometriosis. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1759–69.\nOvercoming endometriosis: new help from the Endometriosis Association. Milwaukee: Endometriosis Association.\nAmerican College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists. Important facts about endometriosis. Washington, DC: ACOG.\nWhitman-Elia GF, Baxley EG. A primary care approach to the infertile couple. J Am Board Fam Pract 2001:14(11: 33 45.\nMosher WD. Infertility trends among U.S. couples: 1965–1976. Fam Plann Perspect 1982; 14: 22–7.\nSperoff L, Glass RH, Kase NG, eds. Female infertility, 6th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1999; 809–39.\nZarutskie PW. Evaluation of the infertile couple. In: Stenchever MA, ed. Office gynecology. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992; 441–70.\nAmerican College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Infertility. Technical bulletin no. 125. Washington, DC: ACOG, 1989.\nDavajan V. Workup of the infertile couple. In: Mishell DR, Brenner PF, eds. Management of common problems in obstetrics and gynecology. Oradell, NJ: Medical Economics Books, 1984; 387–93.\nKolettis PN, Sabanegh ES. Significant medical pathology discovered during a male infertility evaluation, J Urol 2001; 166 (1): 178–80.\nBoivin J, Appleton TC, Baetens P, et al. Guidelines for counseling in infertility: outline version. Hum Reprod 2001; 16 (6): 1301–4.\nTodd J, Fishaut M. Toxic-shock syndrome associated with phage-group-I staphylococci. Lancet 1978; 2: 1116–8.\nTofte RW, Williams DN. Toxic shock syndrome: evidence of a broad clinical spectrum. JAMA 1981; 246: 2163–7.\nBryner CL Jr. Recurrent toxic shock syndrome. Am Fam Physician 1989; 39: 157–64.\nDavis JP, Chesney PJ, Wand PJ, LaVenture M. Toxic shock syndrome: epidemiologic features, recurrence, risk factors, and prevention. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 1429–35.\nCenters for Disease Control. Summary of notifiable disease, United States. MMWR 1988; 37: 40.\nLitt IF. Toxic shock syndrome—an adolescent disease. J Ado-lesc HealthCare 1983;4:270 1.\nReingold AL, Hargrett NT, Dan BB, Shands KN, Strickland BY, Broome CV. Nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome: a review of 130 cases. Ann Intern Med 1982; 96: 871–4.\nSion ML, Hatzitolios AI, Toulis EN, Mikoudi KD, Ziakas GN. Toxic shock syndrome complicating influenza A infection: a two-case report with one case of bacteremia and endocarditis. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27 (2): 443–8.\nGallo UE, Fontanarosa PB. Toxic streptococcal syndrome. Ann Intern Med 1990; 19:1332 1.\nWolf J, Rabinowitz L. Streptococcal toxic shock like syndrome. Arch Dermatol 1995; 131: 73–7.\nResnick SD. Toxic shock syndrome: recent developments in pathogenesis. J Pediatr 1990; 116: 321–8.\nParsonnet J. Mediators in the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome: overview. Rev Infect Dis I989;2(suppl l):s263–9.\nHerzer CM. Toxic shock syndrome: broadening the differential diagnosis. J Am Board Fam Pract 2001; 14 (2): 131–6.\nTofte R, Williams DN. Toxic shock syndrome: clinical and laboratory features in 15 patients. Ann Intern Med 1981; 94: 149–56.\nDavis JP, Osterholm MT, Helms CM, et al. Tri-state toxic-shock syndrome study: clinical and laboratory findings. J Infect Dis 1982; 145: 441–8.\nTodd JK. Therapy of toxic shock syndrome. Drugs 1990; 39: 856–61.\nEditor information\nEditors and Affiliations\nRights and permissions\nCopyright information\n© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York\nAbout this chapter\nCite this chapter\nNewkirk, G.R., Boken, P.A. (2003). Selected Disorders of the Female Reproductive System. In: Taylor, R.B., David, A.K., Fields, S.A., Phillips, D.M., Scherger, J.E. (eds) Family Medicine. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21744-4_108\nDownload citation\nDOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21744-4_108\nPublisher Name: Springer, New York, NY\nPrint ISBN: 978-1-4757-5209-0\nOnline ISBN: 978-0-387-21744-4\neBook Packages: Springer Book Archive\nKeywords\nThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}