{"paper_id":"021c7f33-9618-4a69-b2e9-2cc09bf62fd5","body_text":"Structural Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence in Afghanistan: Unequal Risks for Women in Polygamous and Monogamous Unions | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Structural Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence in Afghanistan: Unequal Risks for Women in Polygamous and Monogamous Unions Mohammad Fazel AKBARY, Mohammad Baqir, Dordana RASA, Lu HAN, Mohammad Reza AKBARI This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7848549/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objectives This study examined intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences among co-wives in polygynous marriages (first versus second or later-order) and monogamous unions, focusing on how community, household, and individual factors affect these relationships. Methods Data from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AFDHS) were used, with a final sample of 21,324 currently married and in-union women aged 15–49. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis and a non-linear decomposition approach (Fairlie method) were used to investigate this association. Results Over half of the women (50.8%) reported experiencing at least one form of IPV—physical (47.5%), emotional (32.1%), or sexual (8.9%). Logistic regression showed that first-ranked wives in polygynous unions faced significantly higher odds of experiencing physical (aOR = 2.98), emotional (aOR = 2.55), sexual (aOR = 1.94), and any IPV (aOR = 2.71) (all p < 0.001). Fairlie decomposition revealed a 9.7% to 45% greater IPV risk for first-ranked wives than second or later-order wives in polygynous unions, and 10.8% to 72% compared to only wives in monogamous unions, largely driven by community-level factors. Conclusion The first wife in a polygynous union is more likely to experience IPV, and this study identifies important structural factors contributing to IPV. By focusing on evidence-based interventions and cross-sector collaboration, stakeholders in Afghanistan and other conflict-affected areas can work to decrease IPV and promote gender equality. Health sciences/Diseases Health sciences/Health care Health sciences/Medical research Health sciences/Risk factors Afghanistan IPV Polygyny Violence Rank among co-wives INTRODUCTION Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a pervasive global health issue characterized by aggressive, controlling, and abusive behaviors within intimate or familial relationships (Patra et al., 2018 ; WHO & HRP, 2019). IPV includes emotional abuse, sexual coercion, physical violence, and controlling behaviors (Hattery, 2009 ; WHO, 2015 ). It significantly affects women’s health, causing long-term harm (WHO, 2015 ). Globally, 30% of women aged 15–49 years have experienced at least one form of IPV, and intimate partners are responsible for approximately one-third of all female homicides (Campbell et al., 2007 ; WHO & HRP, 2019). The situation in Afghanistan is particularly alarming. Studies indicate that 87% of Afghan women have experienced at least one form of IPV in their lifetime, and 62% have endured multiple forms (UN Women Afghanistan, 2016 ; UNFPA, 2021 ). The high prevalence of IPV is rooted in entrenched patriarchal norms and structural inequalities, further compounded by armed conflict, political instability, poverty, and limited access to education (Mannell et al., 2021 ; UN Women, 2024 ). These intersecting factors create a hostile environment in which violence against women is normalized and perpetuated. The current situation in which the De Facto Authority (Taliban) has removed women from public spaces and the lack of women’s support institutions further reinforces their subordinate status and susceptibility to IPV (Penn, 2024 ). By applying Heise's social-ecological model, we investigated community-, household-, and individual-level factors associated with IPV that occurred in the year preceding the interviews of the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AFDHS). Family structure, whether monogamous or polygynous, is a factor that influences spousal violence. In polygynous unions, a wife's position (first order or second and later orders) may affect her vulnerability to IPV. Certain societal and cultural norms strengthen male dominance within families, thereby increasing women’s exposure to IPV. Studies have indicated that patriarchal social structures reinforce male dominance, further elevating the risk of IPV (Birkley & Eckhardt, 2015 ). Similarly, studies from sub-Saharan Africa demonstrate how patriarchal traditions grant men greater social authority, reinforcing gender disparities that normalize male control and IPV (Ahinkorah, 2021 ). Extensive research has established a link between polygamy and heightened violent extremism incidence. For example, studies in Kenya have revealed that women in polygyny are more likely to suffer from IPV than those in monogamous unions (Makayoto et al., 2013 ). Additional research suggests that rivalry between spouses and household conflicts in polygynous unions play a role in the experience of IPV (Abudulai et al., 2022 ). Research in Mozambique indicates that first-order wives report more cases of IPV than second-order wives (Jansen & Agadjanian, 2016 ). Nevertheless, some findings suggest that women in the first position in polygynous unions are more susceptible to violence than others (Al-Krenawi & Graham, 2006 ). Moreover, studies conducted in conflict zones have shown an increased incidence of IPV. These regions often suffer from a weakened and disjointed legal system intended to uphold social order (Horn et al., 2014 ; Jewkes, 2002 ) and a significant absence of legal frameworks designed to safeguard women from violence (Haglund & Richards, 2018 ). Such circumstances strengthen patriarchal power dynamics, exacerbate gender inequality, and increase women's susceptibility to IPV (Clark et al., 2010 ). In Liberia, for example, women living in conflict-affected areas have a 90 percent higher IPV prevalence than women living in peaceful areas (Kelly et al., 2018 ). Comparable trends among displaced Iraqi couples signify that IPV experiences are relevant to husbands’ war exposure (Goessmann et al., 2019 ). Women in the occupied Palestinian territories who have been subjected to conflict are at a higher risk of physical and sexual violence (Clark et al., 2010 ). Afghanistan has faced decades of conflict, and its effects extend far beyond the battlefield. Ongoing instability fuels daily challenges, including an increase in domestic violence. Research shows that women in polygynous marriages or those who witness parental violence are especially vulnerable to physical and emotional abuse (Gibbs et al., 2018 ). Deep-rooted societal norms and systemic barriers further limit women's access to basic rights. When combined with poverty, limited education, and ongoing conflict, these factors intensify the risks faced by Afghan women (UN Women Afghanistan, 2016 ). Consequently, many women live with constant threats to their health, safety, and well-being, trapped by gender inequality, restrictive expectations, economic dependence, and widespread gendered violence. Despite the high prevalence of IPV in Afghanistan and extensive research linking polygyny to women’s subordination, little is known about the intra-household hierarchy of polygynous marriages and whether being a first or subsequent wife shapes IPV risk. Most prior studies from sub-Saharan Africa or conflict zones focus on polygyny as a binary factor (polygynous vs. monogamous), overlooking the potential role of wife order and the interaction of community-, household-, and individual-level determinants in Afghanistan’s unique sociopolitical context. This study addresses this gap by asking: 1) How does a woman’s position within a polygynous marriage (first wife vs. second/later wife) relate to her risk of IPV compared to women in monogamous unions? and 2) How do community-, household-, and individual-level factors interact with marital structure to shape IPV risk in Afghanistan? Filling this gap is important because it can inform interventions that consider intra-household power dynamics and provide more precise targets for preventive policies in fragile states. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES To comprehend the correlation between polygyny and IPV, this study draws on the socioecological model and theories of power and control. These frameworks illustrate how individuall, household, and societal factors can affect women's experiences of IPV within both polygynous and monogamous unions. The socio-ecological model states that IPV is a complex phenomenon shaped by interconnected influences at different levels (Gunarathne et al., 2023), including personal characteristics such as household autonomy, educational attainment, and justification of IPV at the individual level (Lyons & Bhagwandeen, 2023), which are associated with the experience of IPV. At the relational/household level, factors such as controlling behavior, financial dependence, and conflict among co-wives in polygynous households (Owoo et al., 2021) predict the experience of IPV. Societal and community-level predictors include cultural beliefs that normalize gender inequality, institutional policies that assume women's inferiority and make them more vulnerable to violence, and the absence of legal systems that protect women from violence (Heise, 2011). While studies highlight several protective factors in the context of IPV, such as economic independence, gender-equitable attitudes, and education (Heise et al., 2002). Power and control theories emphasize how patriarchal structures enable men to maintain dominance (Jansen & Agadjanian, 2020). This theory underlines the role of individuals’ economic and social powerlessness, demonstrating that women lacking financial independence and facing limited social support are more susceptible to violence (Hasan et al., 2022). Within polygynous households, the hierarchical structure fosters competition among wives, diminishing their bargaining power and reinforcing men’s control (Owoo et al., 2021). This dynamic is especially salient in Afghanistan, where structural inequalities, entrenched gender norms, and weak legal protections intersect to increase IPV risk. Applying this framework allows for a nuanced understanding of the association between polygyny and IPV and can guide targeted interventions to address the structural and interpersonal factors. Based on the socio-ecological model and power/control theory, we propose the following hypotheses: H1: Women in polygynous unions are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than those in monogamous unions. H2: First wives in polygynous unions are at a greater risk of experiencing IPV than later-order wives because of increased rivalry and diminished bargaining power. H3: Differences in IPV experience across marital arrangements, such as monogamous and polygynous unions, are mainly due to community and household factors, which are more influential than individual factors. DATA SOURCE AND SAMPLING This study used data from the 2015 AFDHS, which included 11 survey modules, one of which focused on domestic violence. The sampling framework used the Central Statistics Organization’s (CSO) 2003/04 household listing, which was revised in 2009 (CSO et al., 2017). The data are available online upon approval from MEASURE DHS (https://www.dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm). The survey employed a two-stage stratified sampling design to ensure national representativeness across all 34 provinces. In the first stage, 950 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected (690 rural and 260 urban). A total of 27 households per cluster were chosen through systematic sampling, yielding 25,650 household. Women aged 15–49 years who were either residents or visitors the night before the survey were eligible to participate in the domestic violence module (CSO et al., 2017). The 2015 AFDHS provides broad ethnic representation and comprehensive demographic diversity, making it a valuable source for analyzing women’s health and social issues in Afghanistan. For this study, we used the women’s dataset, focusing on married women who answered questions on polygyny and IPV. The 2015 AFDHS domestic violence module followed the World Health Organization (WHO) ethical protocols and was administered to 22,132 women. Approximately 4% (n = 808) did not complete the interview, mainly because of privacy concerns, leaving 21,324 responses. Our final sample included 21,324 married and in-union women who participated in the domestic violence module of the survey. ETHICAL STATEMENT Human subjects were involved in this research, and the ICF Institutional Review Board (IRB) evaluated and endorsed the procedures and questionnaires used in standard DHS surveys. Furthermore, each country's specific DHS survey protocol was reviewed by both the ICF IRB and the IRB of the host nation. The ICF IRB verifies that the survey adheres to the US Department of Health and Human Services regulations for human subject protection (45 CFR 46), whereas the host country's IRB confirms compliance with local laws and cultural norms. Before participation, participants provided informed consent for participation in the study. MEASURES DEPENDENT VARIABLES The dependent variable was the form of IPV. This was defined as emotional, sexual, and physical violence that the wife experienced in the 12 months before the interview. The assessment used 13 indicators from the domestic violence module. Emotional violence was measured based on three main questions (whether the husband had humiliated, threatened harm to, or insulted and made the individual feel demeaned). Sexual IPV was determined based on three questions (whether the respondent had been coerced into unwanted sexual acts, physically forced into unwanted sexual intercourse, or compelled to perform unwanted sexual acts by their husband). The assessment of physical IPV was based on seven indicators (whether the spouse had pushed, shaken, or thrown objects; slapped; punched or used harmful objects; twisted arms or pulled hair; kicked or dragged, attempted to strangle or burn, and threatened with weapons). We also generated a variable labeled “(any IPV)” from the three IPV types: the presence of any IPV was classified as “yes” if the respondent experienced IPV; otherwise, it was labeled as “no.” The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.73 for emotional IPV indicators, 0.81 for sexual IPV indicators, and 0.88 for physical IPV indicators, demonstrating good reliability. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Rank among co-wives was used as a key independent variable, which categorizes the position or order of a wife in a polygamous marriage as follows: the first wife refers to the woman who is the first to marry the husband in a polygamous union; otherwise, she is the second or later-order wife. Only wife refers to a woman who is the only wife in a monogamous marriage. This variable was categorized as “1=First wife; 2=Second or later-order; 3=Only wife.” CONTROL VARIABLES Based on prior research, we included the control variables at three levels. Community-level variables included the prevalence of IPV. The prevalence of IPV refers to the percentage of ever-married women aged 15–49 years who have experienced emotional, sexual, or physical IPV. This measure was derived from the subnational map in the AFDHS final report (CSO et al., 2017), which presents provincial-level IPV rates. Each province was assigned an IPV prevalence score ranging from 1 (lower prevalence) to 5 (higher prevalence), based on these reported rates. Conflict severity was assessed using a weighted index from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA, 2014). This humanitarian report presents the weighted indices of conflict for each province when DHS data were collected. The index relies on three primary indicators: 1) civilian casualties directly caused by armed conflict, 2) the presence of landmines or unexploded ordnances, and 3) population displacement due to conflict. The variables were classified on a scale ranging from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high). We included aggregated community-level measures of wife-beating justification, household wealth, education, and place of residence. Household-level variables included controlling behaviors, women’s asset ownership, husbands’ educational background, household wealth index, educational attainment gap between partners, and husbands’ alcohol use. Individual-level variables included women’s autonomy, age, educational attainment, attitudes toward IPV, and ethnicity. Detailed definitions of these variables are provided in the Supplemental Table S4 . STATISTICAL ANALYSIS To address missing data ranging from 0.1% to 9.0%, we assumed a Missing at Random (MAR) mechanism and utilized Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE). This method enables the simultaneous imputation of continuous, ordinal, and binary variables while preserving the underlying data structure across the five imputed datasets. Unlike single imputation or complete case analysis, MICE reduces bias and increases statistical power.(Azur et al., 2011). It is also considered robust for various missing data mechanisms. The details of the missing data patterns and imputation results are provided in Supplemental Tables S1 and S2 , respectively. All subsequent analyses were conducted using the imputed datasets. The analysis began with descriptive statistics to summarize the sample characteristics, including past-year IPV experiences. Categorical variables are presented as absolute frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables are reported as means and standard deviations. Next, bivariate associations between the four IPV outcomes and socio-ecological factors were examined using binary logistic regression, as shown in the first column of Table 2-5. These initial tests provide insights into the potential predictors of IPV at various levels. To further explore the factors associated with women's experiences of IPV, particularly in relation to their marital structure (polygynous vs. monogamous unions), a multivariate binary logistic regression was performed. We used three models: Model 1 incorporated community-level variables; Model 2 added household-level factors; and Model 3 included individual-level characteristics. In the three models (1-3), we measured Nagelkerke’s R² values (Nagelkerke, 1991) to estimate the explained variance, which provided insight into the contribution of each level of the variables. To examine disparities in IPV experience between co-wives in polygynous unions and the only wife in a monogamous marriage, we employed Fairlie’s non-linear decomposition technique (Fairlie, 2005). This method allowed us to analyze the extent to which community, household, and individual factors explained the observed differences. Finally, multicollinearity was assessed using Variance Inflation Factors (VIFs); all values were below the threshold of 10, with an average of 1.53, indicating no multicollinearity concerns. All analyses were conducted using the DHS individual sample weights, which were adjusted for the complex survey design. These weights correct for unequal probabilities of selection, account for non-response, and ensure that estimates are representative of the national population of women of reproductive age. The DHS program derives these weights based on the sampling design, household selection probabilities, and post-stratification adjustments (Croft, Trevor N. et al., 2018). Analyses were performed using Stata version 18.5. RESULTS DESCRIPTIVE RESULTS As shown in Table 1, the highest prevalence was observed for any IPV (50.4%), followed by physical IPV (46.7%), emotional IPV (31.9%), and sexual IPV (8.4%). The table further indicates that approximately 5.2% of the respondents were engaged in polygynous marriages, with 1.7% occupying the first rank and 3.5% occupying the second rank. They were predominantly young adults (below 32 years of age, SD=8.46) with minimal educational backgrounds and lived in rural areas. The data also revealed a substantial proportion of unemployed individuals, low household autonomy, and a high rate of wife beating justification. The average IPV prevalence was 3.34 (SD=1.3) on a five-point scale. Additionally, 35.6% of the respondents resided in areas characterized by high or very high levels of conflict. Approximately 44% of individuals resided in households classified as poor or poorest, and the mean controlling behavior score was 1.92 (SD=0.81), indicating that approximately half of the women experienced some degree of spousal control in their relationships. [Table 1 about here] BIVARIATE REGRESSION ANALYSIS As shown in the first column of Tables 2–5, the bivariate results indicate that first-order wives had over twice the odds of experiencing emotional, physical, and any IPV (p < 0.001), and about 80% higher odds of sexual IPV than later-order wives and monogamously married women. Factors associated with a higher likelihood of reporting IPV included living in rural areas, having more justification for IPV, having lower levels of autonomy, lacking asset ownership, having a husband with higher authority and controlling behavior, and residing in provinces with higher IPV prevalence and conflict levels. Higher educational attainment of the husband and the woman's own education seemed to provide a protective effect, along with greater household wealth. MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION ANALYSIS The results of our multivariate analyses for emotional, sexual, physical, and any IPV are presented in Tables 2–5. Multivariate analysis findings indicate that women who are first in rank have a higher likelihood of experiencing IPV than those who are second or later in order and those who are the only wives in monogamous unions. Table 4 demonstrates that this disparity was most pronounced for physical IPV across all models, with first-ranked women being twice as likely (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.55; p < 0.001)) to experience physical IPV. This trend was also observed in descending order for any IPV (aOR=2.36; p<0.001), emotional IPV (aOR=2.34; p<0.001), and sexual IPV (aOR=1.75; p<0.01). Community-level analyses in Model 1 revealed that IPV prevalence was the most significant factor increasing the likelihood of all forms of IPV, with the greatest impact on emotional IPV (Table 3). First wives were more than twice as likely to experience emotional (aOR = 2.36; p<0.001), any (aOR = 2.35; p<0.001), and physical IPV (aOR = 2.25; p<0.001), and 77% more likely to experience sexual IPV (aOR = 1.77; p<0.001). Conflict severity significantly increased women’s risk of IPV. Each unit increase in conflict severity was linked to a 40% increase in the likelihood of sexual IPV (aOR=1.40), with smaller but still significant increases for physical, any, and emotional IPV (aORs = 1.15, 1.13, and 1.12; all p<0.001). Urban residence, higher aggregated education, and wealth were linked to lower IPV risk, while greater community-level justification of wife beating significantly increased women’s likelihood of experiencing IPV. Overall, the Nagelkerke R 2 values collectively suggest that the community-level factors included in Model 1 of each outcome accounted for the greatest variance in any IPV (30%), followed by physical (29%), emotional (26%), and sexual IPV (19%). Findings from the household-level model showed that alcohol consumption by husbands was a powerful predictor of IPV; women whose husbands consumed alcohol were substantially more likely to experience IPV—11 times more likely to report physical IPV (aOR = 11.25; p<0.001), followed by any IPV (aOR = 10.70; p<0.001), sexual IPV (aOR = 7.28; p<0.001), and emotional IPV (aOR = 4.99; p<0.001). Similarly, women whose husbands exercised high authority over their behavior were approximately twice as likely to experience emotional IPV (aOR = 2.62; p<0.001), any IPV (aOR = 2.59; p<0.001), physical IPV (aOR = 2.48; p<0.001), and sexual IPV (aOR = 2.39; p<0.001). The likelihood of experiencing IPV was lower among women from wealthier households, those with educated husbands, and those who owned property. When household-level factors were included, the models’ explanatory power improved, with the largest increase observed for any IPV (11%), followed by physical (10%), sexual (8%), and emotional IPV (1%). In Model 3, individual-level factors revealed that the experience of all types of violence increased with age, except for sexual IPV. Additionally, violence was more prevalent among employed individuals and those who justified IPV than among their counterparts. Conversely, violence decreased among women with greater household autonomy and higher levels of education. Belonging to certain ethnic groups was associated with different experiences of IPV. Adding individual-level factors increased the explained variance by 11% for emotional IPV and 1% for sexual, physical, and any IPV. [Table 2-5 placed here] DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS The Fairlie non-linear decomposition analysis in Table 6 shows the variations in IPV experiences among women in different marital arrangements, specifically comparing co-wives in polygynous unions and those in monogamous relationships. Compared to women in monogamous marriages, first wives in polygynous unions had approximately 20% greater risk of physical IPV, 18% greater risk of any IPV, 11% greater risk of sexual IPV, and 19% greater risk of emotional IPV. Of these gaps, about 45%, 47%, 52%, and 38%, respectively, were explained by the observed covariates. At the community level, the explanatory contributions ranged from 25% to 54%; household-level factors accounted for 38% to 44% of the disparities, and individual-level characteristics contributed between 8% and 35% of the explained disparities. Compared to only wives in monogamous unions, women of second or higher order in polygynous marriages had slightly higher risks of IPV: about 1.4% for emotional IPV, 1.1% for sexual IPV, 1.7% for physical IPV, and 1.7% for any IPV. Of these gaps, approximately 47% of the emotional, 90% of the physical, and 72% of the IPV differences were explained by the observed covariates. Across domains, community-level characteristics contributed most strongly (35%–134%), whereas household-level factors showed mixed effects, sometimes negative (-93% to +16%), and individual-level factors accounted for up to 49% of the explained differences. Compared to second- and later-order wives in polygynous unions, first wives faced substantially higher probabilities of experiencing IPV: 17.9% for emotional IPV, 9.7% for sexual IPV, 18.3% for physical IPV, and 16.5% for any IPV. Of these gaps, approximately 47% of the emotional, 39% of the sexual, 41% of the physical, and 45% of the any-IPV differences were explained by the observed covariates. The decomposition further indicated that community-level characteristics accounted for 26% to 54% of the explained variation, household-level factors for 43% to 50%, and individual-level characteristics for -4% to 34%. The negative contribution at the individual level suggests that differences in women’s individual attributes tended to reduce rather than increase the observed disparities. Women in polygynous marriages had a 7.3% higher likelihood of experiencing emotional IPV, 4.3% higher likelihood of sexual IPV, 7.7% higher likelihood of physical IPV, and 7.1% higher likelihood of any IPV than women in monogamous unions. Of these differences, approximately 39% of the emotional, 72% of the sexual, 52% of the physical, and 51% of the any-IPV gaps were explained by the observed covariates. Within the explained component, community-level factors contributed most strongly (28%–87%), while household-level factors accounted for 10%–34%, and individual-level characteristics explained 3%–38% of the disparities. These contributions indicate that contextual and household dynamics play a larger role than individual attributes in accounting for the observed differences in IPV between polygynous and monogamous unions. [Table 6 placed here] DISCUSSION IPV is a common social injustice that manifests in different ways and is influenced by the socio-cultural context environment (Ahinkorah, 2021). Although there has been research on IPV in Asian nations, including Afghanistan, there has been limited focus on the differences in IPV experiences between co-wives in polygynous marriages and women in monogamous relationships. This study explored how the risk of IPV varies with marital structure, considering factors at the community, household, and individual levels of analysis. We hypothesized that women in polygynous unions would report higher odds of experiencing IPV than those in monogamous unions. Our results confirm this expectation, showing that women in polygynous marriages face a significantly greater IPV risk. This pattern is consistent with socio-ecological and power control theories, which underline how patriarchal systems maintain power imbalances between women and men and contribute to IPV. This finding also resonates with prior studies in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia that documented a heightened risk of IPV among polygynous women (Makayoto et al., 2013; Rahman et al., 2022). In Afghanistan, societal structures are shaped by entrenched gender stereotypes and norms, and women often rely on and are subject to the authority and decision-making power of their husbands (GIHA, 2023; Mannell et al., 2021). These results underscore the importance of designing IPV interventions that specifically address the added risks associated with polygynous unions. We also hypothesized that first wives in polygynous marriages would be more vulnerable to IPV than later wives because of reduced bargaining power and heightened rivalry. Our findings strongly support this hypothesis: first-ranked wives were more likely to face IPV compared with later wives and women in monogamous unions. Our findings are complementary to those of previous research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (Jansen & Agadjanian, 2020), which shows that women who are in the first rank in a polygynous union have a higher IPV experience than others. In polygynous marriages, first-ranked wives are more likely to suffer from IPV due to their husbands’ favoritism (Jansen & Agadjanian, 2020). In polygynous unions, husbands often prefer younger, lower-ranking wives, which may lead to neglecting older wives (Meltzer et al., 2014). This favoritism not only reinforces hierarchical power dynamics within the household but also undermines the dignity and social standing of first-order wives. In many cases, men may enter subsequent marriages without informing or seeking the consent of their first wives, further intensifying feelings of betrayal, exclusion, and inequality (Al-Krenawi, 2013; Wilber, 2021). This lack of transparency can erode trust and contribute to an environment in which first-order wives are marginalized within their own homes. The social isolation of first-order wives is often compounded when they are excluded from key decision-making processes or pushed to the periphery of family life, resulting in greater vulnerability to IPV among first-ranked wives (Jankowiak et al., 2005). These dynamics highlight how structural inequality within polygynous marriages undermines women's agency and serves as a significant risk factor for IPV. The Fairlie non-linear decomposition analysis provides insight into how much of the IPV disparity across marital arrangements can be attributed to differences at the community, household and individual levels. Supporting our third hypothesis, the results show that contextual factors—particularly those at the community and household levels—accounted for the largest share of the explained variations in IPV, while individual attributes played a comparatively smaller role. At the community level, the severity of armed conflict, IPV prevalence, and persistence of social norms that condone violence against women have a greater effect on the experience of IPV among polygynous women. These findings align with global research, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, highlighting how conflict exacerbates gender-based violence (Kelly et al., 2018; WHO, 2024). Similarly, studies have highlighted that in conflict-affected areas, the likelihood of IPV is greater because of weakened legal structures, economic instability, and social disruption (Mattina & Shemyakina, 2024). This finding indicates that addressing IPV in such settings requires more than traditional legal or health-based responses; it demands an integrated conflict-sensitive approach that considers the broader impact of war, displacement, and trauma on communities. In particular, peacebuilding efforts must include gender justice as a core pillar to ensure that women’s voices and needs are central to the post-conflict reconstruction. At the relational/household level, IPV is significantly influenced by factors such as controlling behaviors by male partners, alcohol consumption, and disparities in educational attainment between spouses. In households governed by patriarchal norms, men often wield disproportionate control over finances, mobility and decision-making. Such dynamics reinforce power imbalances that limit women’s autonomy and elevate their exposure to abuse (Kanougiya et al., 2021; Nishan et al., 2025). Interventions at this level must focus on transforming intra-household gender relations, promoting joint decision-making, and increasing women's economic participation. Our findings at the individual level show that women with lower levels of education and those who internalize societal norms that justify IPV are at higher risk. This underscores the urgent need for gender-sensitive educational programs that not only increase women’s literacy and skills but also actively challenge discriminatory beliefs (Paintsil et al., 2023; Paul & Karmakar, 2024). The normalization of violence, particularly when reinforced through early socialization or religious misinterpretation, leads many women to perceive IPV as a private matter or even as a justified consequence of disobedience. Taken together, these findings emphasize the necessity of a multilevel intervention strategy. Policymakers and development practitioners must create responses that consider the interconnected effects of conflict, poverty, gender norms, and household dynamics. Only by combining structural reforms with community-based awareness campaigns and individual empowerment initiatives can Afghanistan achieve significant progress in reducing IPV and cultivating a more equitable and safer environment for women. This study is subject to several limitations. Its cross-sectional design limits the ability to infer causality between IPV and associated factors. Furthermore, reliance on self-reported data may introduce recall or social desirability bias, potentially leading to the underreporting of IPV incidents. Future research should adopt longitudinal and mixed-method approaches, including in-depth qualitative interviews, to gain deeper insights into IPV dynamics within polygynous unions and the broader contextual factors that influence them. CONCLUSION In summary, we found that first-ranked wives in polygynous marriages face an elevated risk of IPV and identified structural drivers—such as armed conflict, entrenched patriarchy, and limited female economic autonomy—that intensify IPV in Afghanistan. These factors intersect to create a hostile environment in which violence against women is both systemic and normalized. Addressing this crisis requires urgent, targeted policy interventions grounded in gender justice and human rights. A comprehensive, multi-pronged strategy is required to address this issue. Legal reforms must protect women’s rights and ensure perpetrator accountability. Economic empowerment programs can reduce women's dependence on abusive partners. At the community level, initiatives that challenge gender norms and the cultural acceptance of violence are vital. Public education, media advocacy, and engagement with religious and traditional leaders are key to shifting societal attitudes. Strengthening institutional mechanisms, including law enforcement, the judiciary, and health services, is essential for providing justice and support to IPV survivors. To break the cycle of silence and impunity surrounding IPV, Afghanistan must establish an equitable and functional system that protects and empowers women. Without such systems, efforts to address IPV are fragmented and ineffective. Future research should prioritize qualitative methods and longitudinal and interdisciplinary approaches to better understand the evolving dynamics of IPV, particularly in polygynous households. Ultimately, reducing IPV in Afghanistan requires coordinated, evidence-based interventions that engage multiple sectors, including legal, health, education, and civil societies. Sustainable change hinges on a collective and unwavering commitment to gender equality, peacebuilding, and the empowerment of women and girls. Only through inclusive cross-sectoral collaboration can Afghanistan move toward a safer and more just society. Declarations Conflict of Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Funding declaration: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Availability of data and materials statement The data are available upon request. The dataset used for the analysis and the conclusions of this study are available online at MEASURE DHS (https://www.dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm). It is released upon request and subject to approval. Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process. We used AI assisted technology for improving language. Author Contributions Statement MFA, LH, and MBM conducted data management, analysis, and interpretation. MFA and MRI conceptualized and designed the study. MFA drafted the manuscript. LH and DR provided administrative and technical support for data processing and analysis. MBM and MFA critically reviewed and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. References Abudulai, F., Pichon, M., Buller, A. M., Scott, J., & Sharma, V. (2022). 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David Wilber. https://davidwilber.com/articles/polygamy-harms-men-women-and-children Tables Table 1 Sample characteristics (n=21,324 Weighted) Variables N (%) / M (SD) Variables N (%) / M (SD) Outcome Variables Spousal Authority in Household 1.92 (0.81) Emotional IPV experience Household Wealth index No 14519(68.1) Poorest 4209(19.7) Yes 6805(31.9) Poorer 4816(22.6) Sexual IPV experience Middle 4562(21.4) No 19520(91.6) Richer 4468(21) Yes 1804(8.4) Richest 3269(15.3) Physical IPV experience Asset ownership No 11363(53.3) Not own 12185(57.1) Yes 9961(46.7) Own jointly 3305(15.5) Any IPV experience Own alone 5834(27.4) No 10578(49.6) Comparison of Partner’s Education Yes 10746(50.4) Equal Education 12813(60.1) Key Independent variable Woman More Educated 1038(4.9) Respondent's rank among wives Husband More Educated 7473(35) First 368(1.7) Individual level factors Second + 750(3.5) Autonomy 1.97(1.84) Only wife 20206(94.8) Current age 31.48(8.46) Community-level factors Employment status Conflict severity 2.97(1.29) Not employed 19136(89.7) IPV prevalence 3.34(1.3) Employed 2188(10.3) Place of residence Education Rural Residence 16018(75.1) No education 18159(85.2) Urban Residence 5306(24.9) Primary 1460(6.8) Aggregated education 0.25(.15) Secondary 1322(6.2) Provincial level of IPV justification 0.84(.13) Higher 383(1.8) Aggregated wealth 2.88(.61) Wife beating justification Household level factors Not justified 3274(15.4) Husband education Justified 18050(84.6) No education 12364(58) Ethnicity Primary 2916(13.7) Pashtun 8325(39) Secondary 4585(21.5) Tajik 7013(32.9) Higher 1459(6.8) Hazara 2216(10.4) Husband/partner drinks alcohol Uzbek 1626(7.6) Not drinks 21184(99.3) Others 2144(10.1) Drinks 140(0.7) M= Mean | SD=Standard Deviation. Table 2 Women’s rank and experience of emotional IPV at community, household and individual level (n=21,324 weighted) Bivariate result Model 1 Nagelkerke R 2 =.26 Model 2 Nagelkerke R 2 =.27 Model 3 Nagelkerke R 2 =.38 Variables OR(SE) aOR(SE) aOR(SE) aOR(SE) Respondent's rank among wives (ref= Only wife) First 2.05***(0.23) 2.34***(0.29) 2.30***(0.29) 2.11***(0.28) Second + 0.99(0.08) 1.04(0.10) 1.01(0.09) 1.05(0.11) Community-level factors Conflict severity 1.40***(0.02) 1.13***(0.02) 1.12***(0.02) 1.09***(0.02) IPV prevalence 2.37***(0.04) 2.36***(0.04) 2.36***(0.04) 2.13***(0.04) Place of residence (ref= Rural residence) Urban residence 0.77***(0.03) 0.74***(0.03) 0.86**(0.05) 0.80***(0.05) Aggregated education 0.21***(0.02) 0.54***(0.08) 0.61**(0.09) 0.31***(0.05) Aggregated provincial IPV justification 2.21***(4.55) 1.28*(0.16) 1.40**(0.18) 1.83***(0.30) Aggregated wealth 1.37***(0.03) 1.03(0.03) 1.13***(0.04) 1.08*(0.04) Household level factors Spousal authority in household 3.20***(0.07) 2.62***(0.06) 2.56***(0.06) Household Wealth index (ref= Poorest) Poorer 1.07(0.05) 0.99(0.05) 1.11(0.06) Middle 1.18***(0.05) 0.92(0.05) 1.01(0.06) Richer 1.11*(0.05) 0.89(0.05) 0.96(0.06) Richest 0.85**(0.04) 0.76***(0.06) 0.89(0.08) Asset ownership (ref= Not own) Own jointly 1.05(0.04) 0.89*(0.04) 0.99(0.05) Own alone 0.68***(0.02) 0.70***(0.03) 0.73***(0.03) Husband education (ref= No education) Primary 0.82***(0.04) 0.66***(0.05) 1.12(0.14) Secondary 0.74***(0.03) 0.59***(0.05) 1.05(0.14) Higher 0.70***(0.04) 0.60***(0.06) 1.25(0.20) Husband drinks alcohol (ref= Not drinks) Drinks 3.72***(0.66) 4.39***(0.86) 3.92***(0.79) Comparison of education (ref=equal education) Woman more educated 0.68***(0.05) 0.77**(0.06) 1.21(0.14) Husband more educated 0.84***(0.03) 1.26**(0.10) 0.73*(0.09) Individual level factors Household autonomy 0.90***(0.01) 0.99(0.01) Current age 1.01***(0.00) 1.01***(0.00) Employment status (ref= Not employed) Employed 1.41***(0.07) 1.53***(0.09) Education (ref= No education) Primary 0.70***(0.04) 0.74**(0.07) Secondary 0.52***(0.04) 0.53***(0.07) Higher 0.44***(0.06) 0.48***(0.10) Wife beating justification (ref= Not justified) Justified 2.22***(0.10) 1.22***(0.07) Ethnicity (ref= Pushtun) Tajik 0.80***(0.03) 1.05(0.05) Hazara 0.72***(0.04) 1.16*(0.08) Uzbek 0.50***(0.03) 0.68***(0.06) Others 0.47***(0.03) 0.60***(0.04) Standard Error in parentheses | ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05 | ref= Reference Group | aOR= Adjusted Odd Ratio Table 3 Women’s rank and experience of Sexual IPV at community, household and individual level (n=21,324 weighted) Bivariate result Model 1 Nagelkerke R 2 =.19 Model 2 Nagelkerke R 2 =.27 Model 3 Nagelkerke R 2 =.28 Variables OR(SE) aOR(SE) aOR(SE) aOR(SE) Respondent's rank among wives (ref= Only wife) First 1.80***(0.29) 1.75**(0.30) 1.53*(0.27) 1.37(0.25) Second + 0.82(0.13) 0.72*(0.12) 0.74(0.12) 0.70*(0.12) Community-level factors Conflict severity 1.42***(0.03) 1.40***(0.04) 1.42***(0.04) 1.53***(0.05) IPV prevalence 1.90***(0.05) 1.77***(0.05) 1.49***(0.04) 1.47***(0.04) Place of residence (ref= Rural residence) Urban residence 0.61***(0.04) 0.82**(0.06) 0.90(0.09) 0.94(0.09) Aggregated education 0.06***(0.01) 0.27***(0.06) 0.31***(0.07) 0.54*(0.15) Aggregated provincial IPV justification 2.77***(18.71) 2.59**(0.85) 1.20(0.38) 0.82(0.27) Aggregated wealth 0.46***(0.02) 0.25***(0.01) 0.28***(0.02) 0.27***(0.02) Household level factors Spousal authority/control behavior 2.82***(0.08) 2.39***(0.08) 2.37***(0.08) Household Wealth index (ref= Poorest) Poorer 0.69***(0.05) 1.00(0.08) 0.99(0.08) Middle 0.55***(0.04) 0.75**(0.07) 0.79**(0.07) Richer 0.51***(0.04) 0.75**(0.07) 0.81*(0.08) Richest 0.36***(0.03) 0.82(0.12) 0.88(0.13) Asset ownership (ref= Not own) Own jointly 0.80**(0.06) 0.81**(0.07) 0.80**(0.07) Own alone 0.65***(0.04) 1.20**(0.08) 1.06(0.08) Husband education (ref= No education) Primary 0.79**(0.06) 0.65**(0.10) 0.78(0.17) Secondary 0.96(0.06) 0.77(0.12) 0.98(0.23) Higher 0.80*(0.08) 0.66*(0.12) 0.87(0.24) Husband drinks alcohol (ref= Not drinks) Drinks 5.84***(1.05) 7.28***(1.49) 7.27***(1.52) Comparison of education (ref=equal education) Woman more educated 0.56***(0.08) 0.79(0.13) 0.89(0.19) Husband more educated 1.01(0.05) 1.51**(0.23) 1.28(0.28) Individual level factors Household autonomy 0.84***(0.01) 0.91***(0.02) Current age 1.00(0.00) 1.00(0.00) Employment status (ref= Not employed) Employed 1.97***(0.13) 1.94***(0.16) Education (ref= No education) Primary 0.68***(0.07) 0.96(0.15) Secondary 0.50***(0.07) 0.83(0.18) Higher 0.21***(0.08) 0.46(0.21) Wife beating justification (ref= Not justified) Justified 2.24***(0.20) 1.12(0.11) Ethnicity (ref= Pushtun) Tajik 1.22***(0.07) 1.07(0.09) Hazara 1.54***(0.12) 1.39**(0.14) Uzbek 0.50***(0.07) 0.65**(0.10) Others 1.23*(0.10) 1.75***(0.18) Standard Error in parentheses | ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05 | ref= Reference Group | aOR= Adjusted Odd Ratio Table 4 Women’s rank and experience of Physical IPV at community, household and individual level (n=21,324 weighted) Bivariate result Model 1 Nagelkerke R 2 =.29 Model 2 Nagelkerke R 2 =.39 Model 3 Nagelkerke R 2 =.40 Variables OR (SE aOR(SE) aOR(SE) aOR(SE) Respondent's rank among wives (ref= Only wife) First 2.23***(0.26) 2.55***(0.33) 2.45***(0.34) 2.13***(0.30) Second + 0.99(0.08) 0.99(0.09) 1.02(0.10) 0.99(0.09) Community-level factors Conflict severity 1.40***(0.02) 1.15***(0.02) 1.15***(0.02) 1.14***(0.02) IPV prevalence 2.26***(0.03) 2.25***(0.03) 2.14***(0.03) 2.15***(0.04) Place of residence (ref= Rural residence) Urban residence 0.57***(0.02) 0.52***(0.02) 0.70***(0.04) 0.69***(0.04) Aggregated education 0.20***(0.02) 1.07(0.14) 0.74*(0.10) 0.55***(0.08) Aggregated provincial IPV justification 2.22***(3.51) 1.72***(0.20) 2.12***(0.28) 2.49***(0.39) Aggregated wealth 1.19***(0.03) 0.84***(0.02) 0.86***(0.03) 0.80***(0.03) Household level factors Spousal authority/control behavior 3.03***(0.06) 2.48***(0.06) 2.39***(0.06) Household Wealth index (ref= Poorest) Poorer 1.03(0.04) 0.96(0.05) 0.98(0.05) Middle 1.12**(0.05) 0.86**(0.05) 0.88*(0.05) Richer 0.93(0.04) 0.72***(0.04) 0.75***(0.04) Richest 0.57***(0.03) 0.58***(0.05) 0.63***(0.05) Asset ownership (ref= Not own) Own jointly 1.16***(0.05) 0.97(0.05) 1.00(0.05) Own alone 0.99(0.03) 1.18***(0.05) 1.10*(0.04) Husband education (ref= No education) Primary 0.85***(0.04) 0.76***(0.06) 1.19(0.13) Secondary 0.78***(0.03) 0.68***(0.05) 1.18(0.14) Higher 0.54***(0.03) 0.51***(0.05) 1.01(0.16) Husband drinks alcohol (ref= Not drinks) Drinks 8.87***(2.36) 11.25***(3.24) 11.44***(3.34) Comparison of education (ref=equal education) Woman more educated 0.54***(0.04) 0.61***(0.05) 0.89(0.10) Husband more educated 0.85***(0.02) 1.18*(0.09) 0.74**(0.08) Individual level factors Household autonomy 0.89***(0.01) 0.96***(0.01) Current age 1.02***(0.00) 1.03***(0.00) Employment status (ref= Not employed) Employed 1.42***(0.06) 1.30***(0.08) Education (ref= No education) Primary 0.71***(0.04) 0.90(0.08) Secondary 0.46***(0.03) 0.62***(0.08) Higher 0.25***(0.03) 0.41***(0.09) Wife beating justification (ref= Not justified) Justified 2.66***(0.11) 1.53***(0.08) Ethnicity (ref= Pushtun) Tajik 0.76***(0.02) 0.92(0.05) Hazara 0.60***(0.03) 0.87(0.06) Uzbek 0.64***(0.03) 0.73***(0.05) Others 0.73***(0.04) 0.82**(0.05) Standard Error in parentheses | ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05 | ref= Reference Group | aOR= Adjusted Odd Ratio Table 5 Women’s rank and experience of any IPV at community, household and individual level (n=21,324 weighted) Bivariate result Model 1 Nagelkerke R 2 =.30 Model 2 Nagelkerke R 2 =.41 Model 3 Nagelkerke R 2 =.42 Variables OR(SE) aOR(SE) aOR(SE) aOR(SE) Respondent's rank among wives (ref= Only wife) First 2.09***(0.25) 2.36***(0.31) 2.25***(0.32) 1.97***(0.28) Second + 1.01(0.08) 1.03(0.09) 1.06(0.10) 1.02(0.10) Community-level factors Conflict severity 1.40***(0.02) 1.12***(0.02) 1.11***(0.02) 1.09***(0.02) IPV prevalence 2.38***(0.03) 2.35***(0.04) 2.24***(0.04) 2.25***(0.04) Place of residence (ref= Rural residence) Urban residence 0.63***(0.02) 0.56***(0.02) 0.74***(0.04) 0.73***(0.04) Aggregated education 0.18***(0.02) 1.03(0.13) 0.70**(0.10) 0.60***(0.09) Aggregated provincial IPV justification 2.72***(3.23) 1.55***(0.18) 1.86***(0.24) 2.18***(0.35) Aggregated wealth 1.32***(0.03) 0.96(0.03) 1.01(0.03) 0.96(0.04) Household level factors Spousal authority/control behavior 3.19***(0.07) 2.59***(0.06) 2.52***(0.06) Household Wealth index (ref= Poorest) Poorer 1.10*(0.05) 1.01(0.05) 1.02(0.05) Middle 1.22***(0.05) 0.90(0.05) 0.92(0.05) Richer 1.04(0.04) 0.76***(0.05) 0.79***(0.05) Richest 0.67***(0.03) 0.62***(0.05) 0.66***(0.05) Asset ownership (ref= Not own) Own jointly 1.24***(0.05) 1.02(0.05) 1.05(0.05) Own alone 0.96(0.03) 1.09*(0.04) 1.03(0.04) Husband education (ref= No education) Primary 0.85***(0.04) 0.77***(0.06) 1.22(0.14) Secondary 0.76***(0.03) 0.65***(0.05) 1.14(0.14) Higher 0.54***(0.03) 0.50***(0.05) 0.99(0.15) Husband drinks alcohol (ref= Not drinks) Drinks 8.89***(2.51) 10.70***(3.25) 10.68***(3.27) Comparison of education (ref=equal education) Woman more educated 0.57***(0.04) 0.64***(0.05) 0.95(0.10) Husband more educated 0.84***(0.02) 1.15(0.08) 0.71**(0.08) Individual level factors Household autonomy 0.88***(0.01) 0.95***(0.01) Current age 1.02***(0.00) 1.02***(0.00) Employment status (ref= Not employed) Employed 1.49***(0.07) 1.40***(0.08) Education (ref= No education) Primary 0.73***(0.04) 0.90(0.08) Secondary 0.46***(0.03) 0.56***(0.07) Higher 0.30***(0.04) 0.44***(0.09) Wife beating justification (ref= Not justified) Justified 2.44***(0.10) 1.36***(0.07) Ethnicity (ref= Pushtun) Tajik 0.72***(0.02) 0.92(0.05) Hazara 0.56***(0.03) 0.89(0.07) Uzbek 0.63***(0.03) 0.76***(0.06) Others 0.68***(0.03) 0.73***(0.05) Standard Error in parentheses | ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05 | ref= Reference Group | aOR= Adjusted Odd Ratio Table 6 Non-Linear Decomposition of Women's Rank in Polygynous and Monogamous Unions in Experience of IPV: Using Fairlie’s Method with 1000 Replication (n=21,324 weighted) Emotional IPV Sexual IPV VARIABLES 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 First vs Only wife Second vs Only wife First vs Second Polygyny vs Monogamy First vs Only wife Second vs Only wife First vs Second Polygyny vs Monogamy Probability of G=0 0.3153 0.3153 0.3293 0.3153 0.0821 0.0821 0.0933 0.0821 Probability of G=1 0.5081 0.3293 0.5081 0.3881 0.1902 0.0933 0.1902 0.1252 Difference in probabilities 19.3% 1.4% 17.9% 7.3% 10.8% 1.1% 9.7% 4.3% Share explained 38.2% 47% 37% 39% 52% 100% 39% 72% Community level factors -0.0236*** -0.0101*** -0.0259*** -0.0146*** -0.0305*** -0.0249*** -0.0201*** -0.0269*** (0.0011) (0.0007) (0.0012) (0.0007) (0.0015) (0.0010) (0.0013) (0.0011) 33% 152% 38% 51% 54% 134% 54% 87% Household level factors -0.0327*** 0.0062*** -0.0287*** -0.0069*** -0.0214*** 0.0057*** -0.0186*** -0.0031*** (0.0009) (0.0007) (0.0009) (0.0006) (0.0011) (0.0006) (0.0010) (0.0006) 44% -93% 43% 24% 38% -31% 50% 10% Individual level factors -0.0169*** -0.0025*** -0.0125*** -0.0073*** -0.0042* 0.0006 0.0012 -0.0010 (0.0022) (0.0006) (0.0018) (0.0010) (0.0021) (0.0004) (0.0018) (0.0009) 23% 38% 19% 25% 8% -3% -4% 3% Physical IPV Any IPV 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 First vs Only wife Second vs Only wife First vs Second Polygyny vs Monogamy First vs Only wife Second vs Only wife First vs Second Polygyny vs Monogamy Probability of G=0 0.4629 0.4629 0.4800 0.4629 0.5000 0.5000 0.5173 0.5000 Probability of G=1 0.6630 0.4800 0.6630 0.5402 0.6820 0.5173 0.6820 0.5715 Difference in Probabilities 20.0% 1.7% 18.3% 7.7% 18.2% 1.7% 16.5% 7.1% Share explained 45% 90% 41% 52% 47% 72% 45% 51% Community level factors -0.0249*** -0.0098*** -0.0180*** -0.0150*** -0.0228*** -0.0044*** -0.0188*** -0.0100*** (0.0011) (0.0008) (0.0013) (0.0007) (0.0011) (0.0008) (0.0013) (0.0007) 28% 64% 24% 37% 25% 35% 26% 28% Household level factors -0.0339*** 0.0001 -0.0319*** -0.0110*** -0.0342*** -0.0020* -0.0320*** -0.0125*** (0.0010) (0.0008) (0.0009) (0.0007) (0.0010) (0.0008) (0.0009) (0.0007) 37% 2% 43% 28% 40% 16% 44% 34% Individual level factors -0.0319*** -0.0053*** -0.0248*** -0.0140*** -0.0298*** -0.0061*** -0.0228*** -0.0139*** (0.0022) (0.0006) (0.0018) (0.0011) (0.0022) (0.0006) (0.0018) (0.0010) 35% 34% 33% 35% 35% 49% 30% 38% G0 (Group 0) = only wife in (1, 2, 4) and it is second wife in (3) | G1 (Group 1) = first wife in (1, 3), second wife in (2), and polygyny in (4) Standard errors in parentheses | ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05 Community level factors: Provincial any IPV level rate, Conflict severity, Place of residence, Aggregated education, Aggregated IPV justification, Aggregated wealth Household level factors: Spousal authority in household, Household wealth index, Asset ownership, Husband education, Husband drinks alcohol, Comparison of education Individual level factors: Decision-making autonomy, Current age, Employment status, Education, IPV justification, ethnicity Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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for Women in Polygamous and Monogamous Unions\",\"fulltext\":[{\"header\":\"INTRODUCTION\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eIntimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a pervasive global health issue characterized by aggressive, controlling, and abusive behaviors within intimate or familial relationships (Patra et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR38\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2018\\u003c/span\\u003e; WHO \\u0026amp; HRP, 2019). IPV includes emotional abuse, sexual coercion, physical violence, and controlling behaviors (Hattery, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR18\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2009\\u003c/span\\u003e; WHO, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR45\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2015\\u003c/span\\u003e). It significantly affects women\\u0026rsquo;s health, causing long-term harm (WHO, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR45\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2015\\u003c/span\\u003e). Globally, 30% of women aged 15\\u0026ndash;49 years have experienced at least one form of IPV, and intimate partners are responsible for approximately one-third of all female homicides (Campbell et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR7\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2007\\u003c/span\\u003e; WHO \\u0026amp; HRP, 2019). The situation in Afghanistan is particularly alarming. Studies indicate that 87% of Afghan women have experienced at least one form of IPV in their lifetime, and 62% have endured multiple forms (UN Women Afghanistan, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR43\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2016\\u003c/span\\u003e; UNFPA, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR44\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2021\\u003c/span\\u003e). The high prevalence of IPV is rooted in entrenched patriarchal norms and structural inequalities, further compounded by armed conflict, political instability, poverty, and limited access to education (Mannell et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR30\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2021\\u003c/span\\u003e; UN Women, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR42\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2024\\u003c/span\\u003e). These intersecting factors create a hostile environment in which violence against women is normalized and perpetuated. The current situation in which the De Facto Authority (Taliban) has removed women from public spaces and the lack of women\\u0026rsquo;s support institutions further reinforces their subordinate status and susceptibility to IPV (Penn, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR40\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2024\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eBy applying Heise's social-ecological model, we investigated community-, household-, and individual-level factors associated with IPV that occurred in the year preceding the interviews of the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AFDHS). Family structure, whether monogamous or polygynous, is a factor that influences spousal violence. In polygynous unions, a wife's position (first order or second and later orders) may affect her vulnerability to IPV. Certain societal and cultural norms strengthen male dominance within families, thereby increasing women\\u0026rsquo;s exposure to IPV. Studies have indicated that patriarchal social structures reinforce male dominance, further elevating the risk of IPV (Birkley \\u0026amp; Eckhardt, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR6\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2015\\u003c/span\\u003e). Similarly, studies from sub-Saharan Africa demonstrate how patriarchal traditions grant men greater social authority, reinforcing gender disparities that normalize male control and IPV (Ahinkorah, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR2\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2021\\u003c/span\\u003e). Extensive research has established a link between polygamy and heightened violent extremism incidence. For example, studies in Kenya have revealed that women in polygyny are more likely to suffer from IPV than those in monogamous unions (Makayoto et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR29\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2013\\u003c/span\\u003e). Additional research suggests that rivalry between spouses and household conflicts in polygynous unions play a role in the experience of IPV (Abudulai et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR1\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2022\\u003c/span\\u003e). Research in Mozambique indicates that first-order wives report more cases of IPV than second-order wives (Jansen \\u0026amp; Agadjanian, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR23\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2016\\u003c/span\\u003e). Nevertheless, some findings suggest that women in the first position in polygynous unions are more susceptible to violence than others (Al-Krenawi \\u0026amp; Graham, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR4\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2006\\u003c/span\\u003e). Moreover, studies conducted in conflict zones have shown an increased incidence of IPV. These regions often suffer from a weakened and disjointed legal system intended to uphold social order (Horn et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR21\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2014\\u003c/span\\u003e; Jewkes, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR25\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2002\\u003c/span\\u003e) and a significant absence of legal frameworks designed to safeguard women from violence (Haglund \\u0026amp; Richards, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR16\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2018\\u003c/span\\u003e). Such circumstances strengthen patriarchal power dynamics, exacerbate gender inequality, and increase women's susceptibility to IPV (Clark et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR8\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2010\\u003c/span\\u003e). In Liberia, for example, women living in conflict-affected areas have a 90 percent higher IPV prevalence than women living in peaceful areas (Kelly et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR27\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2018\\u003c/span\\u003e). Comparable trends among displaced Iraqi couples signify that IPV experiences are relevant to husbands\\u0026rsquo; war exposure (Goessmann et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR14\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2019\\u003c/span\\u003e). Women in the occupied Palestinian territories who have been subjected to conflict are at a higher risk of physical and sexual violence (Clark et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR8\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2010\\u003c/span\\u003e).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eAfghanistan has faced decades of conflict, and its effects extend far beyond the battlefield. Ongoing instability fuels daily challenges, including an increase in domestic violence. Research shows that women in polygynous marriages or those who witness parental violence are especially vulnerable to physical and emotional abuse (Gibbs et al., \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR12\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2018\\u003c/span\\u003e). Deep-rooted societal norms and systemic barriers further limit women's access to basic rights. When combined with poverty, limited education, and ongoing conflict, these factors intensify the risks faced by Afghan women (UN Women Afghanistan, \\u003cspan citationid=\\\"CR43\\\" class=\\\"CitationRef\\\"\\u003e2016\\u003c/span\\u003e). Consequently, many women live with constant threats to their health, safety, and well-being, trapped by gender inequality, restrictive expectations, economic dependence, and widespread gendered violence. Despite the high prevalence of IPV in Afghanistan and extensive research linking polygyny to women\\u0026rsquo;s subordination, little is known about the intra-household hierarchy of polygynous marriages and whether being a first or subsequent wife shapes IPV risk. Most prior studies from sub-Saharan Africa or conflict zones focus on polygyny as a binary factor (polygynous vs. monogamous), overlooking the potential role of wife order and the interaction of community-, household-, and individual-level determinants in Afghanistan\\u0026rsquo;s unique sociopolitical context. This study addresses this gap by asking: 1) How does a woman\\u0026rsquo;s position within a polygynous marriage (first wife vs. second/later wife) relate to her risk of IPV compared to women in monogamous unions? and 2) How do community-, household-, and individual-level factors interact with marital structure to shape IPV risk in Afghanistan? Filling this gap is important because it can inform interventions that consider intra-household power dynamics and provide more precise targets for preventive policies in fragile states.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eTo comprehend the correlation between polygyny and IPV, this study draws on the socioecological model and theories of power and control. These frameworks illustrate how individuall, household, and societal factors can affect women\\u0026apos;s experiences of IPV within both polygynous and monogamous unions. The socio-ecological model states that IPV is a complex phenomenon shaped by interconnected influences at different levels (Gunarathne et al., 2023), including personal characteristics such as household autonomy, educational attainment, and justification of IPV at the individual level (Lyons \\u0026amp; Bhagwandeen, 2023), which are associated with the experience of IPV. At the relational/household level, factors such as controlling behavior, financial dependence, and conflict among co-wives in polygynous households (Owoo et al., 2021) predict the experience of IPV. Societal and community-level predictors include cultural beliefs that normalize gender inequality, institutional policies that assume women\\u0026apos;s inferiority and make them more vulnerable to violence, and the absence of legal systems that protect women from violence (Heise, 2011). While studies highlight several protective factors in the context of IPV, such as economic independence, gender-equitable attitudes, and education (Heise et al., 2002).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003ePower and control theories emphasize how patriarchal structures enable men to maintain dominance (Jansen \\u0026amp; Agadjanian, 2020). This theory underlines the role of individuals\\u0026rsquo; economic and social powerlessness, demonstrating that women lacking financial independence and facing limited social support are more susceptible to violence (Hasan et al., 2022). Within polygynous households, the hierarchical structure fosters competition among wives, diminishing their bargaining power and reinforcing men\\u0026rsquo;s control (Owoo et al., 2021). This dynamic is especially salient in Afghanistan, where structural inequalities, entrenched gender norms, and weak legal protections intersect to increase IPV risk. Applying this framework allows for a nuanced understanding of the association between polygyny and IPV and can guide targeted interventions to address the structural and interpersonal factors. Based on the socio-ecological model and power/control theory, we propose the following hypotheses:\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eH1: Women in polygynous unions are more likely to experience intimate partner violence (IPV) than those in monogamous unions.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eH2: First wives in polygynous unions are at a greater risk of experiencing IPV than later-order wives because of increased rivalry and diminished bargaining power.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eH3: Differences in IPV experience across marital arrangements, such as monogamous and polygynous unions, are mainly due to community and household factors, which are more influential than individual factors.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eDATA SOURCE AND SAMPLING\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis study used data from the 2015 AFDHS, which included 11 survey modules, one of which focused on domestic violence. The sampling framework used the Central Statistics Organization\\u0026rsquo;s (CSO) 2003/04 household listing, which was revised in 2009 (CSO et al., 2017). The data are available online upon approval from MEASURE DHS (https://www.dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm). The survey employed a two-stage stratified sampling design to ensure national representativeness across all 34 provinces. In the first stage, 950 enumeration areas (EAs) were selected (690 rural and 260 urban). A total of 27 households per cluster were chosen through systematic sampling, yielding 25,650 household. Women aged 15\\u0026ndash;49 years who were either residents or visitors the night before the survey were eligible to participate in the domestic violence module (CSO et al., 2017). The 2015 AFDHS provides broad ethnic representation and comprehensive demographic diversity, making it a valuable source for analyzing women\\u0026rsquo;s health and social issues in Afghanistan. For this study, we used the women\\u0026rsquo;s dataset, focusing on married women who answered questions on polygyny and IPV. The 2015 AFDHS domestic violence module followed the World Health Organization (WHO) ethical protocols and was administered to 22,132 women. Approximately 4% (n = 808) did not complete the interview, mainly because of privacy concerns, leaving 21,324 responses. Our final sample included 21,324 married and in-union women who participated in the domestic violence module of the survey.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eETHICAL STATEMENT\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eHuman subjects were involved in this research, and the ICF Institutional Review Board (IRB) evaluated and endorsed the procedures and questionnaires used in standard DHS surveys. Furthermore, each country\\u0026apos;s specific DHS survey protocol was reviewed by both the ICF IRB and the IRB of the host nation. The ICF IRB verifies that the survey adheres to the US Department of Health and Human Services regulations for human subject protection (45 CFR 46), whereas the host country\\u0026apos;s IRB confirms compliance with local laws and cultural norms. Before participation, participants provided informed consent for participation in the study.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eMEASURES\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eDEPENDENT VARIABLES\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe dependent variable was the form of IPV. This was defined as emotional, sexual, and physical violence that the wife experienced in the 12 months before the interview. The assessment used 13 indicators from the domestic violence module. Emotional violence was measured based on three main questions (whether the husband had humiliated, threatened harm to, or insulted and made the individual feel demeaned). Sexual IPV was determined based on three questions (whether the respondent had been coerced into unwanted sexual acts, physically forced into unwanted sexual intercourse, or compelled to perform unwanted sexual acts by their husband). The assessment of physical IPV was based on seven indicators (whether the spouse had pushed, shaken, or thrown objects; slapped; punched or used harmful objects; twisted arms or pulled hair; kicked or dragged, attempted to strangle or burn, and threatened with weapons). We also generated a variable labeled \\u0026ldquo;(any IPV)\\u0026rdquo; from the three IPV types: the presence of any IPV was classified as \\u0026ldquo;yes\\u0026rdquo; if the respondent experienced IPV; otherwise, it was labeled as \\u0026ldquo;no.\\u0026rdquo; The Cronbach\\u0026apos;s alpha coefficients were 0.73 for emotional IPV indicators, 0.81 for sexual IPV indicators, and 0.88 for physical IPV indicators, demonstrating good reliability.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eINDEPENDENT VARIABLE\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eRank among co-wives was used as a key independent variable, which categorizes the position or order of a wife in a polygamous marriage as follows: the first wife refers to the woman who is the first to marry the husband in a polygamous union; otherwise, she is the second or later-order wife. Only wife refers to a woman who is the only wife in a monogamous marriage. This variable was categorized as \\u0026ldquo;1=First wife; 2=Second or later-order; 3=Only wife.\\u0026rdquo;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eCONTROL VARIABLES\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eBased on prior research, we included the control variables at three levels. Community-level variables included the prevalence of IPV. The prevalence of IPV refers to the percentage of ever-married women aged 15\\u0026ndash;49 years who have experienced emotional, sexual, or physical IPV. This measure was derived from the subnational map in the AFDHS final report (CSO et al., 2017), which presents provincial-level IPV rates. Each province was assigned an IPV prevalence score ranging from 1 (lower prevalence) to 5 (higher prevalence), based on these reported rates. Conflict severity was assessed using a weighted index from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA, 2014). This humanitarian report presents the weighted indices of conflict for each province when DHS data were collected. The index relies on three primary indicators: 1) civilian casualties directly caused by armed conflict, 2) the presence of landmines or unexploded ordnances, and 3) population displacement due to conflict. The variables were classified on a scale ranging from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high). We included aggregated community-level measures of wife-beating justification, household wealth, education, and place of residence. Household-level variables included controlling behaviors, women\\u0026rsquo;s asset ownership, husbands\\u0026rsquo; educational background, household wealth index, educational attainment gap between partners, and husbands\\u0026rsquo; alcohol use. Individual-level variables included women\\u0026rsquo;s autonomy, age, educational attainment, attitudes toward IPV, and ethnicity. Detailed definitions of these variables are provided in the Supplemental Table \\u003cem\\u003eS4\\u003c/em\\u003e.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eSTATISTICAL ANALYSIS\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTo address missing data ranging from 0.1% to 9.0%, we assumed a Missing at Random (MAR) mechanism and utilized Multiple Imputation by Chained Equations (MICE). This method enables the simultaneous imputation of continuous, ordinal, and binary variables while preserving the underlying data structure across the five imputed datasets. Unlike single imputation or complete case analysis, MICE reduces bias and increases statistical power.(Azur et al., 2011). It is also considered robust for various missing data mechanisms. The details of the missing data patterns and imputation results are provided in Supplemental Tables \\u003cem\\u003eS1\\u003c/em\\u003e and \\u003cem\\u003eS2\\u003c/em\\u003e, respectively. All subsequent analyses were conducted using the imputed datasets.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe analysis began with descriptive statistics to summarize the sample characteristics, including past-year IPV experiences. Categorical variables are presented as absolute frequencies and percentages, and continuous variables are reported as means and standard deviations. Next, bivariate associations between the four IPV outcomes and socio-ecological factors were examined using binary logistic regression, as shown in the first column of Table 2-5. These initial tests provide insights into the potential predictors of IPV at various levels. To further explore the factors associated with women\\u0026apos;s experiences of IPV, particularly in relation to their marital structure (polygynous vs. monogamous unions), a multivariate binary logistic regression was performed. We used three models: Model 1 incorporated community-level variables; Model 2 added household-level factors; and Model 3 included individual-level characteristics.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn the three models (1-3), we measured Nagelkerke\\u0026rsquo;s R\\u0026sup2; values (Nagelkerke, 1991) to estimate the explained variance, which provided insight into the contribution of each level of the variables. To examine disparities in IPV experience between co-wives in polygynous unions and the only wife in a monogamous marriage, we employed Fairlie\\u0026rsquo;s non-linear decomposition technique (Fairlie, 2005). This method allowed us to analyze the extent to which community, household, and individual factors explained the observed differences. Finally, multicollinearity was assessed using Variance Inflation Factors (VIFs); all values were below the threshold of 10, with an average of 1.53, indicating no multicollinearity concerns. All analyses were conducted using the DHS individual sample weights, which were adjusted for the complex survey design. These weights correct for unequal probabilities of selection, account for non-response, and ensure that estimates are representative of the national population of women of reproductive age. The DHS program derives these weights based on the sampling design, household selection probabilities, and post-stratification adjustments (Croft, Trevor N. et al., 2018). Analyses were performed using Stata version 18.5.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"RESULTS\",\"content\":\"\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eDESCRIPTIVE RESULTS\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAs shown in Table 1, the highest prevalence was observed for any IPV (50.4%), followed by physical IPV (46.7%), emotional IPV (31.9%), and sexual IPV (8.4%). The table further indicates that approximately 5.2% of the respondents were engaged in polygynous marriages, with 1.7% occupying the first rank and 3.5% occupying the second rank. They were predominantly young adults (below 32 years of age, SD=8.46) with minimal educational backgrounds and lived in rural areas. The data also revealed a substantial proportion of unemployed individuals, low household autonomy, and a high rate of wife beating justification. The average IPV prevalence was 3.34 (SD=1.3) on a five-point scale. Additionally, 35.6% of the respondents resided in areas characterized by high or very high levels of conflict. Approximately 44% of individuals resided in households classified as poor or poorest, and the mean controlling behavior score was 1.92 (SD=0.81), indicating that approximately half of the women experienced some degree of spousal control in their relationships.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e[Table 1 about here]\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eBIVARIATE REGRESSION ANALYSIS\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAs shown in the first column of Tables 2\\u0026ndash;5, the bivariate results indicate that first-order wives had over twice the odds of experiencing emotional, physical, and any IPV (p \\u0026lt; 0.001), and about 80% higher odds of sexual IPV than later-order wives and monogamously married women.\\u0026nbsp;Factors associated with a higher likelihood of reporting IPV included living in rural areas, having more justification for IPV, having lower levels of autonomy, lacking asset ownership, having a husband with higher authority and controlling behavior, and residing in provinces with higher IPV prevalence and conflict levels. Higher educational attainment of the husband and the woman\\u0026apos;s own education seemed to provide a protective effect, along with greater household wealth.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eMULTIVARIATE REGRESSION ANALYSIS\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe results of our multivariate analyses for emotional, sexual, physical, and any IPV are presented in Tables 2\\u0026ndash;5. Multivariate analysis findings indicate that women who are first in rank have a higher likelihood of experiencing IPV than those who are second or later in order and those who are the only wives in monogamous unions. Table 4 demonstrates that this disparity was most pronounced for physical IPV across all models, with first-ranked women being twice as likely (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.55; p \\u0026lt; 0.001)) to experience physical IPV. This trend was also observed in descending order for any IPV (aOR=2.36; p\\u0026lt;0.001), emotional IPV (aOR=2.34; p\\u0026lt;0.001), and sexual IPV (aOR=1.75; p\\u0026lt;0.01).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eCommunity-level analyses in Model 1 revealed that\\u0026nbsp;IPV prevalence was the most significant factor increasing the likelihood of all forms of IPV, with the greatest impact on emotional IPV (Table 3). First wives were more than twice as likely to experience emotional (aOR = 2.36; p\\u0026lt;0.001), any (aOR = 2.35; p\\u0026lt;0.001), and physical IPV (aOR = 2.25; p\\u0026lt;0.001), and 77% more likely to experience sexual IPV (aOR = 1.77; p\\u0026lt;0.001).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eConflict severity significantly increased women\\u0026rsquo;s risk of IPV. Each unit increase in conflict severity was linked to a 40% increase in the likelihood of sexual IPV (aOR=1.40), with smaller but still significant increases for physical, any, and emotional IPV (aORs = 1.15, 1.13, and 1.12; all p\\u0026lt;0.001). Urban residence, higher aggregated education, and wealth were linked to lower IPV risk, while greater community-level justification of wife beating significantly increased women\\u0026rsquo;s likelihood of experiencing IPV.\\u0026nbsp;Overall, the Nagelkerke R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e values collectively suggest that the community-level factors included in Model 1 of each outcome accounted for the greatest variance in any IPV (30%), followed by physical (29%), emotional (26%), and sexual IPV (19%).\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eFindings from the household-level model showed that alcohol consumption by husbands was a powerful predictor of IPV; women whose husbands consumed alcohol were substantially more likely to experience IPV\\u0026mdash;11 times more likely to report physical IPV (aOR = 11.25; p\\u0026lt;0.001), followed by any IPV (aOR = 10.70; p\\u0026lt;0.001), sexual IPV (aOR = 7.28; p\\u0026lt;0.001), and emotional IPV (aOR = 4.99; p\\u0026lt;0.001). Similarly, women whose husbands exercised high authority over their behavior were approximately twice as likely to experience emotional IPV (aOR = 2.62; p\\u0026lt;0.001), any IPV (aOR = 2.59; p\\u0026lt;0.001), physical IPV (aOR = 2.48; p\\u0026lt;0.001), and sexual IPV (aOR = 2.39; p\\u0026lt;0.001). The likelihood of experiencing IPV was lower among women from wealthier households, those with educated husbands, and those who owned property.\\u0026nbsp;When household-level factors were included, the models\\u0026rsquo; explanatory power improved, with the largest increase observed for any IPV (11%), followed by physical (10%), sexual (8%), and emotional IPV (1%).\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eIn Model 3, individual-level factors revealed that the experience of all types of violence increased with age, except for sexual IPV. Additionally, violence was more prevalent among employed individuals and those who justified IPV than among their counterparts. Conversely, violence decreased among women with greater household autonomy and higher levels of education. Belonging to certain ethnic groups was associated with different experiences of IPV. Adding individual-level factors increased the explained variance by 11% for emotional IPV and 1% for sexual, physical, and any IPV.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e[Table 2-5 placed here]\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eDECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe Fairlie non-linear decomposition analysis in Table 6 shows the variations in IPV experiences among women in different marital arrangements, specifically comparing co-wives in polygynous unions and those in monogamous relationships. Compared to women in monogamous marriages, first wives in polygynous unions had approximately 20% greater risk of physical IPV, 18% greater risk of any IPV, 11% greater risk of sexual IPV, and 19% greater risk of emotional IPV. Of these gaps, about 45%, 47%, 52%, and 38%, respectively, were explained by the observed covariates. At the community level, the explanatory contributions ranged from 25% to 54%; household-level factors accounted for 38% to 44% of the disparities, and individual-level characteristics contributed between 8% and 35% of the explained disparities.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eCompared to only wives in monogamous unions, women of second or higher order in polygynous marriages had slightly higher risks of IPV: about 1.4% for emotional IPV, 1.1% for sexual IPV, 1.7% for physical IPV, and 1.7% for any IPV. Of these gaps, approximately 47% of the emotional, 90% of the physical, and 72% of the IPV differences were explained by the observed covariates. Across domains, community-level characteristics contributed most strongly (35%\\u0026ndash;134%), whereas household-level factors showed mixed effects, sometimes negative (-93% to +16%), and individual-level factors accounted for up to 49% of the explained differences.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eCompared to second- and later-order wives in polygynous unions, first wives faced substantially higher probabilities of experiencing IPV: 17.9% for emotional IPV, 9.7% for sexual IPV, 18.3% for physical IPV, and 16.5% for any IPV. Of these gaps, approximately 47% of the emotional, 39% of the sexual, 41% of the physical, and 45% of the any-IPV differences were explained by the observed covariates. The decomposition further indicated that community-level characteristics accounted for 26% to 54% of the explained variation, household-level factors for 43% to 50%, and individual-level characteristics for -4% to 34%. The negative contribution at the individual level suggests that differences in women\\u0026rsquo;s individual attributes tended to reduce rather than increase the observed disparities.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWomen in polygynous marriages had a 7.3% higher likelihood of experiencing emotional IPV, 4.3% higher likelihood of sexual IPV, 7.7% higher likelihood of physical IPV, and 7.1% higher likelihood of any IPV than women in monogamous unions. Of these differences, approximately 39% of the emotional, 72% of the sexual, 52% of the physical, and 51% of the any-IPV gaps were explained by the observed covariates. Within the explained component, community-level factors contributed most strongly (28%\\u0026ndash;87%), while household-level factors accounted for 10%\\u0026ndash;34%, and individual-level characteristics explained 3%\\u0026ndash;38% of the disparities. These contributions indicate that contextual and household dynamics play a larger role than individual attributes in accounting for the observed differences in IPV between polygynous and monogamous unions.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e[Table 6 placed here]\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"DISCUSSION\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eIPV is a common social injustice that manifests in different ways and is influenced by the socio-cultural context environment (Ahinkorah, 2021). Although there has been research on IPV in Asian nations, including Afghanistan, there has been limited focus on the differences in IPV experiences between co-wives in polygynous marriages and women in monogamous relationships. This study explored how the risk of IPV varies with marital structure, considering factors at the community, household, and individual levels of analysis.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWe hypothesized that women in polygynous unions would report higher odds of experiencing IPV than those in monogamous unions. Our results confirm this expectation, showing that women in polygynous marriages face a significantly greater IPV risk. This pattern is consistent with socio-ecological and power control theories, which underline how patriarchal systems maintain power imbalances between women and men and contribute to IPV. This finding also resonates with prior studies in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia that documented a heightened risk of IPV among polygynous women (Makayoto et al., 2013; Rahman et al., 2022). In Afghanistan, societal structures are shaped by entrenched gender stereotypes and norms, and women often rely on and are subject to the authority and decision-making power of their husbands (GIHA, 2023; Mannell et al., 2021). \\u0026nbsp;These results underscore the importance of designing IPV interventions that specifically address the added risks associated with polygynous unions. We also hypothesized that first wives in polygynous marriages would be more vulnerable to IPV than later wives because of reduced bargaining power and heightened rivalry. Our findings strongly support this hypothesis: first-ranked wives were more likely to face IPV compared with later wives and women in monogamous unions. Our findings are complementary to those of previous research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (Jansen \\u0026amp; Agadjanian, 2020), which shows that women who are in the first rank in a polygynous union have a higher IPV experience than others. \\u0026nbsp;In polygynous marriages, first-ranked wives are more likely to suffer \\u0026nbsp;from IPV due to their husbands\\u0026rsquo; favoritism (Jansen \\u0026amp; Agadjanian, 2020). In polygynous unions, husbands often prefer younger, lower-ranking wives, which may lead to neglecting older wives (Meltzer et al., 2014). This favoritism not only reinforces hierarchical power dynamics within the household but also undermines the dignity and social standing of first-order wives. In many cases, men may enter subsequent marriages without informing or seeking the consent of their first wives, further intensifying feelings of betrayal, exclusion, and inequality (Al-Krenawi, 2013; Wilber, 2021). This lack of transparency can erode trust and contribute to an environment in which first-order wives are marginalized within their own homes. The social isolation of first-order wives is often compounded when they are excluded from key decision-making processes or pushed to the periphery of family life, resulting in greater vulnerability to IPV among first-ranked wives (Jankowiak et al., 2005). These dynamics highlight how structural inequality within polygynous marriages undermines women\\u0026apos;s agency and serves as a significant risk factor for IPV.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe Fairlie non-linear decomposition analysis provides insight into how much of the IPV disparity across marital arrangements can be attributed to differences at the community, household and individual levels. Supporting our third hypothesis, the results show that contextual factors\\u0026mdash;particularly those at the community and household levels\\u0026mdash;accounted for the largest share of the explained variations in IPV, while individual attributes played a comparatively smaller role. At the community level, the severity of armed conflict, IPV prevalence, and persistence of social norms that condone violence against women have a greater effect on the experience of IPV among polygynous women. These findings align with global research, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, highlighting how conflict exacerbates gender-based violence (Kelly et al., 2018; WHO, 2024). Similarly, studies have highlighted that in conflict-affected areas, the likelihood of IPV is greater because of weakened legal structures, economic instability, and social disruption (Mattina \\u0026amp; Shemyakina, 2024). This finding indicates that addressing IPV in such settings requires more than traditional legal or health-based responses; it demands an integrated conflict-sensitive approach that considers the broader impact of war, displacement, and trauma on communities. In particular, peacebuilding efforts must include gender justice as a core pillar to ensure that women\\u0026rsquo;s voices and needs are central to the post-conflict reconstruction.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eAt the relational/household level, IPV is significantly influenced by factors such as controlling behaviors by male partners, alcohol consumption, and disparities in educational attainment between spouses. In households governed by patriarchal norms, men often wield disproportionate control over finances, mobility and decision-making. Such dynamics reinforce power imbalances that limit women\\u0026rsquo;s autonomy and elevate their exposure to abuse (Kanougiya et al., 2021; Nishan et al., 2025). Interventions at this level must focus on transforming intra-household gender relations, promoting joint decision-making, and increasing women\\u0026apos;s economic participation.\\u0026nbsp;Our findings at the individual level show that women with lower levels of education and those who internalize societal norms that justify IPV are at higher risk. This underscores the urgent need for gender-sensitive educational programs that not only increase women\\u0026rsquo;s literacy and skills but also actively challenge discriminatory beliefs\\u0026nbsp;(Paintsil et al., 2023; Paul \\u0026amp; Karmakar, 2024).\\u0026nbsp;The normalization of violence, particularly when reinforced through early socialization or religious misinterpretation, leads many women to perceive IPV as a private matter or even as a justified consequence of disobedience.\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eTaken together, these findings emphasize the necessity of a multilevel intervention strategy. Policymakers and development practitioners must create responses that consider the interconnected effects of conflict, poverty, gender norms, and household dynamics. Only by combining structural reforms with community-based awareness campaigns and individual empowerment initiatives can Afghanistan achieve significant progress in reducing IPV and cultivating a more equitable and safer environment for women.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis study is subject to several limitations. Its cross-sectional design limits the ability to infer causality between IPV and associated factors. Furthermore, reliance on self-reported data may introduce recall or social desirability bias, potentially leading to the underreporting of IPV incidents. Future research should adopt longitudinal and mixed-method approaches, including in-depth qualitative interviews, to gain deeper insights into IPV dynamics within polygynous unions and the broader contextual factors that influence them.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"CONCLUSION\",\"content\":\"\\u003cp\\u003eIn summary, we found that first-ranked wives in polygynous marriages face an elevated risk of IPV and identified structural drivers\\u0026mdash;such as armed conflict, entrenched patriarchy, and limited female economic autonomy\\u0026mdash;that intensify IPV in Afghanistan. These factors intersect to create a hostile environment in which violence against women is both systemic and normalized. Addressing this crisis requires urgent, targeted policy interventions grounded in gender justice and human rights. A comprehensive, multi-pronged strategy is required to address this issue. Legal reforms must protect women\\u0026rsquo;s rights and ensure perpetrator accountability. Economic empowerment programs can reduce women\\u0026apos;s dependence on abusive partners. At the community level, initiatives that challenge gender norms and the cultural acceptance of violence are vital. Public education, media advocacy, and engagement with religious and traditional leaders are key to shifting societal attitudes.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eStrengthening institutional mechanisms, including law enforcement, the judiciary, and health services, is essential for providing justice and support to IPV survivors. To break the cycle of silence and impunity surrounding IPV, Afghanistan must establish an equitable and functional system that protects and empowers women. Without such systems, efforts to address IPV are fragmented and ineffective. Future research should prioritize qualitative methods and longitudinal and interdisciplinary approaches to better understand the evolving dynamics of IPV, particularly in polygynous households. Ultimately, reducing IPV in Afghanistan requires coordinated, evidence-based interventions that engage multiple sectors, including legal, health, education, and civil societies. Sustainable change hinges on a collective and unwavering commitment to gender equality, peacebuilding, and the empowerment of women and girls. Only through inclusive cross-sectoral collaboration can Afghanistan move toward a safer and more just society.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Declarations\",\"content\":\"\\u003ch2\\u003eConflict\\u0026nbsp;of\\u0026nbsp;Interest\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003eFunding declaration:\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003eAvailability of data and materials statement\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eThe data are available upon request. The dataset used for the analysis and the conclusions of this study are available online at MEASURE DHS (https://www.dhsprogram.com/data/available-datasets.cfm). It is released upon request and subject to approval.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003eDeclaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eWe used AI assisted technology for improving language.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ch2\\u003eAuthor Contributions Statement\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003eMFA, LH, and MBM conducted data management, analysis, and interpretation. MFA and MRI conceptualized and designed the study. MFA drafted the manuscript. LH and DR provided administrative and technical support for data processing and analysis. MBM and MFA critically reviewed and revised the manuscript for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.\\u003c/p\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"References\",\"content\":\"\\u003col\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eAbudulai, F., Pichon, M., Buller, A. M., Scott, J., \\u0026amp; Sharma, V. (2022). 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(2019). \\u003cem\\u003eViolence against women: Intimate partner and sexual violence against women\\u003c/em\\u003e (No. 3.0 IGO licence; Violence against Women). World Health Organization.\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n \\u003cli\\u003eWilber, D. (2021). \\u003cem\\u003ePolygamy Harms Men, Women, and Children\\u003c/em\\u003e. David Wilber. https://davidwilber.com/articles/polygamy-harms-men-women-and-children\\u003c/li\\u003e\\n\\u003c/ol\\u003e\"},{\"header\":\"Tables\",\"content\":\"\\u003cdiv align=\\\"\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"620\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 620px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e1\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003eSample characteristics (n=21,324 Weighted)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVariables\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eN (%) / M (SD)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVariables\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eN (%) / M (SD)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eOutcome Variables\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSpousal Authority in Household\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.92 (0.81)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmotional IPV experience\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold Wealth index\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e14519(68.1)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePoorest\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4209(19.7)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e6805(31.9)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePoorer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4816(22.6)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSexual IPV experience\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eMiddle\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4562(21.4)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e19520(91.6)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRicher\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4468(21)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1804(8.4)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichest\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3269(15.3)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePhysical IPV experience\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAsset ownership\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e11363(53.3)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNot own\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12185(57.1)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e9961(46.7)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOwn jointly\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3305(15.5)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAny IPV experience\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOwn alone\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5834(27.4)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNo\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10578(49.6)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eComparison of Partner\\u0026rsquo;s Education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eYes\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10746(50.4)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEqual Education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12813(60.1)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eKey Independent variable\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWoman More Educated\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1038(4.9)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRespondent\\u0026apos;s rank among wives\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband More Educated\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7473(35)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e368(1.7)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eIndividual level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecond +\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e750(3.5)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAutonomy\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.97(1.84)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOnly wife\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20206(94.8)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCurrent age\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e31.48(8.46)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCommunity-level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmployment status\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eConflict severity\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.97(1.29)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNot employed\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e19136(89.7)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIPV prevalence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.34(1.3)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmployed\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2188(10.3)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePlace of residence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEducation\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRural Residence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16018(75.1)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNo education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e18159(85.2)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUrban Residence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5306(24.9)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1460(6.8)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.25(.15)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1322(6.2)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eProvincial level of IPV justification\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.84(.13)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigher\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e383(1.8)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated wealth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.88(.61)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWife beating justification\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eHousehold level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNot justified\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3274(15.4)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eJustified\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e18050(84.6)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNo education\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e12364(58)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEthnicity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2916(13.7)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePashtun\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8325(39)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4585(21.5)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTajik\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7013(32.9)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigher\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1459(6.8)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHazara\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2216(10.4)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband/partner drinks alcohol\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUzbek\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1626(7.6)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eNot drinks\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e21184(99.3)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOthers\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2144(10.1)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDrinks\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e140(0.7)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 210px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 516px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eM= Mean | SD=Standard Deviation.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd style=\\\"width: 2px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n \\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003c/div\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"647\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 647px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e2\\u003c/strong\\u003e Women\\u0026rsquo;s rank and experience of emotional IPV at community, household and individual level (n=21,324 weighted)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eBivariate result\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke\\u003c/em\\u003e R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e =.26\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 2\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke\\u003c/em\\u003e R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e =.27\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 3\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke\\u003c/em\\u003e R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e =.38\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVariables\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 348px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRespondent\\u0026apos;s rank among wives (ref= Only wife)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.05***(0.23)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.34***(0.29)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.30***(0.29)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.11***(0.28)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecond +\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.99(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.04(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.01(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.05(0.11)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCommunity-level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eConflict severity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.40***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.13***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.12***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.09***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIPV prevalence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.37***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.36***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.36***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.13***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePlace of residence (ref= Rural residence)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUrban residence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.77***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.74***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.86**(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.80***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.21***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.54***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.61**(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.31***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated provincial IPV justification\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.21***(4.55)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.28*(0.16)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.40**(0.18)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.83***(0.30)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated wealth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.37***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.03(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.13***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.08*(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eHousehold level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSpousal authority in household\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.20***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.62***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.56***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold Wealth index (ref= Poorest)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePoorer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.07(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.99(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.11(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eMiddle\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.18***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.92(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.01(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRicher\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.11*(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.89(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.96(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichest\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.85**(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.76***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.89(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAsset ownership (ref= Not own)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOwn jointly\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.05(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.89*(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.99(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOwn alone\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.68***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.70***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.73***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband education (ref= No education)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.82***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.66***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.12(0.14)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.74***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.59***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.05(0.14)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigher\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.70***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.60***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.25(0.20)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband drinks alcohol (ref= Not drinks)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDrinks\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.72***(0.66)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.39***(0.86)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.92***(0.79)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eComparison of education (ref=equal education)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWoman more educated\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.68***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.77**(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.21(0.14)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband more educated\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.84***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.26**(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.73*(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eIndividual level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold autonomy\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.90***(0.01)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.99(0.01)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCurrent age\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.01***(0.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.01***(0.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmployment status (ref= Not employed)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmployed\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.41***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.53***(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEducation (ref= No education)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.70***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.74**(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.52***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.53***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigher\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.44***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.48***(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWife beating justification (ref= Not justified)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eJustified\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.22***(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.22***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEthnicity (ref= Pushtun)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTajik\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.80***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.05(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHazara\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.72***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.16*(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUzbek\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.50***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.68***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOthers\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.47***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 98px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 101px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.60***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 647px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eStandard Error in parentheses | ***p\\u0026lt;0.001, **p\\u0026lt;0.01, *p\\u0026lt;0.05 | ref= Reference Group | aOR= Adjusted Odd Ratio\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"636\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 636px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e3\\u003c/strong\\u003e Women\\u0026rsquo;s rank and experience of Sexual IPV at community, household and individual level (n=21,324 weighted)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eBivariate result\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e =.19\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 2\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003eR\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e =.27\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 3\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke\\u003c/em\\u003e \\u003cem\\u003eR\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e =.28\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVariables\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 342px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRespondent\\u0026apos;s rank among wives (ref= Only wife)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.80***(0.29)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.75**(0.30)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.53*(0.27)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.37(0.25)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecond +\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.82(0.13)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.72*(0.12)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.74(0.12)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.70*(0.12)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCommunity-level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eConflict severity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.42***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.40***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.42***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.53***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIPV prevalence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.90***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.77***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.49***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.47***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePlace of residence (ref= Rural residence)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUrban\\u0026nbsp;residence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.61***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.82**(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.90(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.94(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.06***(0.01)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.27***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.31***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.54*(0.15)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated provincial IPV justification\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.77***(18.71)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.59**(0.85)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.20(0.38)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.82(0.27)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated wealth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.46***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.25***(0.01)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.28***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.27***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eHousehold level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSpousal authority/control behavior\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.82***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.39***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.37***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold Wealth index (ref= Poorest)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePoorer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.69***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.00(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.99(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eMiddle\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.55***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.75**(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.79**(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRicher\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.51***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.75**(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.81*(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichest\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.36***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.82(0.12)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.88(0.13)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAsset ownership (ref= Not own)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOwn jointly\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.80**(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.81**(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.80**(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOwn alone\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.65***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.20**(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.06(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband education (ref= No education)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.79**(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.65**(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.78(0.17)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.96(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.77(0.12)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.98(0.23)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigher\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.80*(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.66*(0.12)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.87(0.24)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband drinks alcohol (ref= Not drinks)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDrinks\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e5.84***(1.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.28***(1.49)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.27***(1.52)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eComparison of education (ref=equal education)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWoman more educated\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.56***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.79(0.13)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.89(0.19)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband more educated\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.01(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.51**(0.23)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.28(0.28)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eIndividual level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold autonomy\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.84***(0.01)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.91***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCurrent age\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.00(0.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.00(0.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmployment status (ref= Not employed)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmployed\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.97***(0.13)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.94***(0.16)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEducation (ref= No education)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.68***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.96(0.15)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.50***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.83(0.18)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigher\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.21***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.46(0.21)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWife beating justification (ref= Not justified)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eJustified\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.24***(0.20)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.12(0.11)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEthnicity (ref= Pushtun)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTajik\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.22***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.07(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHazara\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.54***(0.12)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.39**(0.14)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUzbek\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.50***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.65**(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 246px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOthers\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 96px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.23*(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 100px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 102px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 92px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.75***(0.18)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 636px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eStandard Error in parentheses | ***p\\u0026lt;0.001, **p\\u0026lt;0.01, *p\\u0026lt;0.05 | ref= Reference Group | aOR= Adjusted Odd Ratio\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"639\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 639px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e4\\u003c/strong\\u003e Women\\u0026rsquo;s rank and experience of Physical IPV at community, household and individual level (n=21,324 weighted)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eBivariate result\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 1\\u003cem\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;Nagelkerke R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e=.29\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 2\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e=.39\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e=.40\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVariables\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOR (SE\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 349px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRespondent\\u0026apos;s rank among wives (ref= Only wife)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.23***(0.26)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.55***(0.33)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.45***(0.34)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.13***(0.30)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecond +\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.99(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.99(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.02(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.99(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCommunity-level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eConflict severity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.40***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.15***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.15***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.14***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIPV prevalence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.26***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.25***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.14***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.15***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePlace of residence (ref= Rural residence)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUrban residence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.57***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.52***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.70***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.69***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.20***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.07(0.14)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.74*(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.55***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated provincial IPV justification\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.22***(3.51)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.72***(0.20)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.12***(0.28)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.49***(0.39)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated wealth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.19***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.84***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.86***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.80***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eHousehold level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSpousal authority/control behavior\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.03***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.48***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.39***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold Wealth index (ref= Poorest)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePoorer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.03(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.96(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.98(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eMiddle\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.12**(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.86**(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.88*(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRicher\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.93(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.72***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.75***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichest\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.57***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.58***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.63***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAsset ownership (ref= Not own)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOwn jointly\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.16***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.97(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.00(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOwn alone\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.99(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.18***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.10*(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband education (ref= No education)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.85***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.76***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.19(0.13)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.78***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.68***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.18(0.14)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigher\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.54***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.51***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.01(0.16)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband drinks alcohol (ref= Not drinks)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDrinks\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8.87***(2.36)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e11.25***(3.24)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e11.44***(3.34)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eComparison of education (ref=equal education)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWoman more educated\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.54***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.61***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.89(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband more educated\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.85***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.18*(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.74**(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eIndividual level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold autonomy\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.89***(0.01)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.96***(0.01)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCurrent age\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.02***(0.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.03***(0.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmployment status (ref= Not employed)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmployed\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.42***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.30***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEducation (ref= No education)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.71***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.90(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.46***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.62***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigher\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.25***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.41***(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWife beating justification (ref= Not justified)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eJustified\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.66***(0.11)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.53***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEthnicity (ref= Pushtun)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTajik\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.76***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.92(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHazara\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.60***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.87(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUzbek\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.64***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.73***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 252px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOthers\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.73***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.82**(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 639px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eStandard Error in parentheses | ***p\\u0026lt;0.001, **p\\u0026lt;0.01, *p\\u0026lt;0.05 | ref= Reference Group | aOR= Adjusted Odd Ratio\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"651\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 651px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e5\\u003c/strong\\u003e Women\\u0026rsquo;s rank and experience of any IPV at community, household and individual level (n=21,324 weighted)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eBivariate result\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e =.30\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e =.41\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eModel 3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eNagelkerke R\\u003csup\\u003e2\\u003c/sup\\u003e\\u003c/em\\u003e =.42\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVariables\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eaOR(SE)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 361px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRespondent\\u0026apos;s rank among wives (ref= Only wife)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.09***(0.25)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.36***(0.31)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.25***(0.32)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.97***(0.28)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecond +\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.01(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.03(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.06(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.02(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eCommunity-level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eConflict severity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.40***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.12***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.11***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.09***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIPV prevalence\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.38***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.35***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.24***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.25***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePlace of residence (ref= Rural residence)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUrban residence\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.63***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.56***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.74***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.73***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.18***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.03(0.13)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.70**(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.60***(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated provincial IPV justification\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.72***(3.23)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.55***(0.18)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.86***(0.24)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.18***(0.35)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAggregated wealth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.32***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.96(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.01(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.96(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eHousehold level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSpousal authority/control behavior\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3.19***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.59***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.52***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold Wealth index (ref= Poorest)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePoorer\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.10*(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.01(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.02(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eMiddle\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.22***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.90(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.92(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRicher\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.04(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.76***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.79***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eRichest\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.67***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.62***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.66***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eAsset ownership (ref= Not own)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOwn jointly\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.24***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.02(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.05(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOwn alone\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.96(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.09*(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.03(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband education (ref= No education)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.85***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.77***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.22(0.14)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.76***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.65***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.14(0.14)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigher\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.54***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.50***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.99(0.15)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband drinks alcohol (ref= Not drinks)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDrinks\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8.89***(2.51)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10.70***(3.25)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10.68***(3.27)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eComparison of education (ref=equal education)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWoman more educated\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.57***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.64***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.95(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHusband more educated\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.84***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.15(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.71**(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eIndividual level factors\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold autonomy\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.88***(0.01)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.95***(0.01)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCurrent age\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.02***(0.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.02***(0.00)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmployment status (ref= Not employed)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEmployed\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.49***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.40***(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEducation (ref= No education)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePrimary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.73***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.90(0.08)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecondary\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.46***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.56***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHigher\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.30***(0.04)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.44***(0.09)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eWife beating justification (ref= Not justified)\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eJustified\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2.44***(0.10)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.36***(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eEthnicity (ref= Pushtun)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eTajik\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.72***(0.02)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.92(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHazara\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.56***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.89(0.07)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eUzbek\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.63***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.76***(0.06)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 264px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eOthers\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.68***(0.03)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 97px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.73***(0.05)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"5\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 651px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eStandard Error in parentheses | ***p\\u0026lt;0.001, **p\\u0026lt;0.01, *p\\u0026lt;0.05 | ref= Reference Group | aOR= Adjusted Odd Ratio\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\\n\\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n\\u003ctable border=\\\"0\\\" cellspacing=\\\"0\\\" cellpadding=\\\"0\\\" width=\\\"643\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003ctbody\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"9\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 643px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003eTable\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e6\\u003c/strong\\u003e\\u003cstrong\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003e\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/strong\\u003eNon-Linear Decomposition of Women\\u0026apos;s Rank in Polygynous and Monogamous Unions in Experience of IPV: Using Fairlie\\u0026rsquo;s Method with 1000 Replication (n=21,324 weighted)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"4\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 269px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eEmotional IPV\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"4\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 263px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eSexual IPV\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eVARIABLES\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst vs Only wife\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecond vs Only wife\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst vs Second\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePolygyny vs Monogamy\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst vs Only wife\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecond vs Only wife\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst vs Second\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePolygyny vs Monogamy\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eProbability of\\u0026nbsp;G=0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3153\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3153\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3293\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3153\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0821\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0821\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0933\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0821\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eProbability of\\u0026nbsp;G=1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5081\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3293\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5081\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.3881\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1902\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0933\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1902\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.1252\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDifference in probabilities\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e19.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.4%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e17.9%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10.8%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.1%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e9.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShare explained\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e38.2%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e47%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e37%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e39%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e52%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e100%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e39%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e72%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCommunity level factors\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0236***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0101***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0259***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0146***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0305***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0249***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0201***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0269***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0011)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0007)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0012)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0007)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0015)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0010)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0013)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0011)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e33%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e152%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e38%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e51%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e54%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e134%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e54%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e87%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"3\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold level factors\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0327***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0062***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0287***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0069***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0214***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0057***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0186***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0031***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0009)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0007)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0009)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0006)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0011)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0006)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0010)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0006)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e44%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-93%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e43%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e24%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e38%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-31%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e50%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e10%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIndividual level factors\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0169***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0025***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0125***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0073***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0042*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0006\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0012\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0010\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0022)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0006)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0018)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0010)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0021)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0004)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0018)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0009)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e23%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e38%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e19%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e25%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e8%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-4%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"4\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 269px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003ePhysical IPV\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"4\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 263px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e\\u003cem\\u003eAny IPV\\u003c/em\\u003e\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e3\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e4\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst vs Only wife\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecond vs Only wife\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst vs Second\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePolygyny vs Monogamy\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst vs Only wife\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eSecond vs Only wife\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eFirst vs Second\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003ePolygyny vs Monogamy\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eProbability of\\u0026nbsp;G=0\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4629\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4629\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4800\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4629\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5000\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5000\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5173\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5000\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eProbability of\\u0026nbsp;G=1\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6630\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.4800\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6630\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5402\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6820\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5173\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.6820\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.5715\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eDifference in Probabilities\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e20.0%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e18.3%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e18.2%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e1.7%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16.5%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e7.1%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eShare explained\\u0026nbsp;\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e45%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e90%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e41%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e52%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e47%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e72%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e45%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e51%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCommunity level factors\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0249***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0098***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0180***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0150***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0228***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0044***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0188***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0100***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0011)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0008)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0013)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0007)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0011)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0008)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0013)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0007)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e28%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e64%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e24%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e37%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e25%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e35%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e26%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e28%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold level factors\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0339***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e0.0001\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0319***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0110***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0342***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0020*\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0320***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0125***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0010)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0008)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0009)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0007)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0010)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0008)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0009)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0007)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e37%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e2%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e43%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e28%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e40%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e16%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e44%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e34%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd rowspan=\\\"2\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIndividual level factors\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0319***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0053***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0248***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0140***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0298***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0061***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0228***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e-0.0139***\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0022)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0006)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0018)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0011)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0022)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0006)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0018)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"bottom\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e(0.0010)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 111px;\\\"\\u003e\\u003cbr\\u003e\\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 70px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e35%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e34%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e33%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e35%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e35%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e49%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 64px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e30%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 71px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003e38%\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"9\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 643px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eG0 (Group 0) = only wife in (1, 2, 4) and it is second wife in (3) | G1 (Group 1) = first wife in (1, 3), second wife in (2), and polygyny in (4)\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"9\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 643px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eStandard errors in parentheses | ***p\\u0026lt;0.001, **p\\u0026lt;0.01, *p\\u0026lt;0.05\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"9\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 643px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eCommunity level factors: Provincial any IPV level rate, Conflict severity, Place of residence, Aggregated education, Aggregated IPV justification, Aggregated wealth\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"9\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 643px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eHousehold level factors: Spousal authority in household, Household wealth index, Asset ownership, Husband education, Husband drinks alcohol, Comparison of education\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctr\\u003e\\n \\u003ctd colspan=\\\"9\\\" valign=\\\"top\\\" style=\\\"width: 643px;\\\"\\u003e\\n \\u003cp\\u003eIndividual level factors: Decision-making autonomy, Current age, Employment status, Education, IPV justification, ethnicity\\u003c/p\\u003e\\n \\u003c/td\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tr\\u003e\\n \\u003c/tbody\\u003e\\n\\u003c/table\\u003e\"}],\"fulltextSource\":\"\",\"fullText\":\"\",\"funders\":[],\"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow\":false,\"hasManuscriptDocX\":true,\"hasOptedInToPreprint\":true,\"hasPassedJournalQc\":\"\",\"hasAnyPriority\":false,\"hideJournal\":false,\"highlight\":\"\",\"institution\":\"\",\"isAcceptedByJournal\":true,\"isAuthorSuppliedPdf\":false,\"isDeskRejected\":\"\",\"isHiddenFromSearch\":false,\"isInQc\":false,\"isInWorkflow\":false,\"isPdf\":false,\"isPdfUpToDate\":true,\"isWithdrawnOrRetracted\":false,\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"scientific-reports\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"scirep\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true},\"keywords\":\"Afghanistan, IPV, Polygyny, Violence, Rank among co-wives\",\"lastPublishedDoi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7848549/v1\",\"lastPublishedDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7848549/v1\",\"license\":{\"name\":\"CC BY 4.0\",\"url\":\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\"},\"manuscriptAbstract\":\"\\u003ch2\\u003eObjectives\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThis study examined intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences among co-wives in polygynous marriages (first versus second or later-order) and monogamous unions, focusing on how community, household, and individual factors affect these relationships.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eMethods\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eData from the 2015 Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AFDHS) were used, with a final sample of 21,324 currently married and in-union women aged 15\\u0026ndash;49. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis and a non-linear decomposition approach (Fairlie method) were used to investigate this association.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eResults\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eOver half of the women (50.8%) reported experiencing at least one form of IPV\\u0026mdash;physical (47.5%), emotional (32.1%), or sexual (8.9%). Logistic regression showed that first-ranked wives in polygynous unions faced significantly higher odds of experiencing physical (aOR\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;2.98), emotional (aOR\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;2.55), sexual (aOR\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;1.94), and any IPV (aOR\\u0026thinsp;=\\u0026thinsp;2.71) (all p\\u0026thinsp;\\u0026lt;\\u0026thinsp;0.001). Fairlie decomposition revealed a 9.7% to 45% greater IPV risk for first-ranked wives than second or later-order wives in polygynous unions, and 10.8% to 72% compared to only wives in monogamous unions, largely driven by community-level factors.\\u003c/p\\u003e\\u003ch2\\u003eConclusion\\u003c/h2\\u003e\\u003cp\\u003eThe first wife in a polygynous union is more likely to experience IPV, and this study identifies important structural factors contributing to IPV. By focusing on evidence-based interventions and cross-sector collaboration, stakeholders in Afghanistan and other conflict-affected areas can work to decrease IPV and promote gender equality.\\u003c/p\\u003e\",\"manuscriptTitle\":\"Structural Determinants of Intimate Partner Violence in Afghanistan: Unequal Risks for Women in Polygamous and Monogamous Unions\",\"msid\":\"\",\"msnumber\":\"\",\"nonDraftVersions\":[{\"code\":1,\"date\":\"2025-11-06 16:09:38\",\"doi\":\"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7848549/v1\",\"editorialEvents\":[{\"type\":\"communityComments\",\"content\":0},{\"type\":\"decision\",\"content\":\"Revision requested\",\"date\":\"2025-12-16T06:56:59+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-12-12T05:43:30+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorInvitedReview\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-12-07T14:01:31+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"219846420781219630492403041201107001424\",\"date\":\"2025-11-28T15:35:20+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"288250700795268448312935364113787286095\",\"date\":\"2025-11-16T03:43:57+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewerAgreed\",\"content\":\"100955418124001339467309133593068157655\",\"date\":\"2025-11-04T15:20:14+00:00\",\"index\":\"hide\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"reviewersInvited\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-10-27T14:08:43+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"editorAssigned\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-10-14T07:27:32+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"checksComplete\",\"content\":\"\",\"date\":\"2025-10-14T07:24:08+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"},{\"type\":\"submitted\",\"content\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"date\":\"2025-10-13T11:26:48+00:00\",\"index\":\"\",\"fulltext\":\"\"}],\"status\":\"published\",\"journal\":{\"display\":true,\"email\":\"info@researchsquare.com\",\"identity\":\"scientific-reports\",\"isNatureJournal\":false,\"hasQc\":true,\"allowDirectSubmit\":false,\"externalIdentity\":\"scirep\",\"sideBox\":\"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)\",\"snPcode\":\"\",\"submissionUrl\":\"\",\"title\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"twitterHandle\":\"\",\"acdcEnabled\":true,\"dfaEnabled\":true,\"editorialSystem\":\"stoa\",\"reportingPortfolio\":\"Scientific Reports\",\"inReviewEnabled\":true,\"inReviewRevisionsEnabled\":true}}],\"origin\":\"\",\"ownerIdentity\":\"f85c4208-0dea-4765-b293-041ee9206aab\",\"owner\":[],\"postedDate\":\"November 6th, 2025\",\"published\":true,\"recentEditorialEvents\":[],\"rejectedJournal\":[],\"revision\":\"\",\"amendment\":\"\",\"status\":\"published-in-journal\",\"subjectAreas\":[{\"id\":57428035,\"name\":\"Health sciences/Diseases\"},{\"id\":57428036,\"name\":\"Health sciences/Health care\"},{\"id\":57428037,\"name\":\"Health sciences/Medical research\"},{\"id\":57428038,\"name\":\"Health sciences/Risk factors\"}],\"tags\":[],\"updatedAt\":\"2026-01-19T16:44:46+00:00\",\"versionOfRecord\":{\"articleIdentity\":\"rs-7848549\",\"link\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-36161-6\",\"journal\":{\"identity\":\"scientific-reports\",\"isVorOnly\":false,\"title\":\"Scientific Reports\"},\"publishedOn\":\"2026-01-14 16:28:27\",\"publishedOnDateReadable\":\"January 14th, 2026\"},\"versionCreatedAt\":\"2025-11-06 16:09:38\",\"video\":\"\",\"vorDoi\":\"10.1038/s41598-026-36161-6\",\"vorDoiUrl\":\"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-36161-6\",\"workflowStages\":[]},\"version\":\"v1\",\"identity\":\"rs-7848549\",\"journalConfig\":\"researchsquare\"},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]\",\"query\":{\"redirect\":\"/article/rs-7848549\",\"identity\":\"rs-7848549\",\"version\":[\"v1\"]},\"buildId\":\"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd\",\"isFallback\":false,\"isExperimentalCompile\":false,\"dynamicIds\":[84888],\"gssp\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}","source_license":"CC-BY-4.0","license_restricted":false}